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| DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
|---|---|---|
| dc.contributor.advisor | 鄭福田 | |
| dc.contributor.author | Chun-Hsien Chen | en |
| dc.contributor.author | 陳鈞賢 | zh_TW |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2021-06-13T04:28:08Z | - |
| dc.date.available | 2007-07-28 | |
| dc.date.copyright | 2006-07-28 | |
| dc.date.issued | 2006 | |
| dc.date.submitted | 2006-07-20 | |
| dc.identifier.citation | 一、中文參考文獻:
1.王金標,“電動機與定速化技術的基礎與應用”,文笙書局,1991。 2.米孝萱,“四行程及二行程機車引擎排放多環芳香烴化合物之特徵”,第十五屆空氣污染控制技術研討會論文集,第664~670頁,1998。 3.林淵淙,“餐廳廚房排放廢氣及周圍大氣中多環芳香烴化合物之特徵”,碩士論文,國立成功大學環境工程學所,2004。 4.陳孝昇,“異辛烷汽油添加劑對機車引擎排放多環芳香烴化合物之影響”,碩士論文,嘉藥藥理科技大學,2004。 5.游宗霖,“以純化菌種 Candida viswanathii 處理海水中柴油多環芳香烴之研究”, 碩士論文,國立中山大學海洋環境及工程學系,2003。 6.劉旭崇,“二行程、四行程化油器與四行程噴射引擎機車多環芳香烴化合物排放特徵之研究”,碩士論文,朝陽科技大學環境工程與管理系,2004。 7.鄭智元,“大氣降水中多環芳香烴的定量分析”,碩士論文,國立中央大學化學研究所,2001。 8.賴官保,“混合燃料對機車引擎排放多環芳香烴化合物的影響”,碩士論文,嘉南藥理科技大學環境工程與科學系,2004。 9.蕭瑞聖,機車原理與機構,徐氏基金會,民國84年。 二、英文參考文獻: 1.AQIRP(Air Quality Improvement Research Programme) , part of the US. Auto Oil programme, 1989~1992. 2.Barfknecht T.R.; Hites R.A. and Cavaliers E.L., “Human Cell Mutagenicity Of Polycyclic Aromatic 25 Hydrocarbon Components Of Diesel Emissions, ” Toxicology and Environmental Science, Vol. 10, pp. 277-294., 1982. 3.Barfknecht T.R., “Toxicology Of Soot,” Progress In Energy and Combust Science, Vol. 9, pp.199-237, 1983. 4.Bjørseth A. and Ramdahl T., “Handbook Of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons,” Marcel Dekker, Inc., 1983. 5.Cotham W.E. and Bidleman T. F., “Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons And Polychlorinated Biphenyls In Air At An Urban And A Rural Site Near Lake Michigan,” Environmental Science and Technology, Vol.229, pp. 2782-2789, 1995. 6.Ebert L.B., “Polynclear Aromatic Compounds, American Chemical Society,” Washington, D.C., 1988. 7.EPEFE(European Programme on Emissions, Fuels and Engine) Technology, part of the European Auto Oil I programme, 1993~1995. 8.Frenklach M.; Clary D.W.; Yuan T.; Gardine C.W. and Stein S.E., “Detailed Kinetic Modeling Of Soot Symposium (International) On Combustion,” The Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh, pp. 887, 1985. 9.Grimmerf G.; Naujack, K.W. and Schreider, D., “Changes In PAH Profiles In Different Areas Of A City During The Year. In Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons; Chemistry And Biological Effects,” Battelle Press, Columbus, pp. 107-125, 1983. 10.Mi H.H.; Lee W.J.; Chen S.J.; Lin T.C.; Wu T.L. and Hu J.C., “Effect of the Gasoline Additives on PAH Emission,” Chemosphere, Vol. 36, No. 9, pp. 2031-2041, 1998. 11.Hecht S.S., “Potential Carcinogenic Effect Of Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons And Nitroaromatics In Mobile Source Emission,”, Air Pollution the Automobile and Public Health, 1988. 12.Josephson J., “Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbon,” Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 18, No. 3, pp. 93A-95A, 1984. 13.Junge C.E., “In Fate Of Pollutants In The Air And Water Environments,” Wiley-Interscience, 1977. 14.Kenny R.G., “Developments In Two-Stroke Cycle Engine Exhaust Emissions,” Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng., pp. 93-106, 1992. 15.Karcher W., “Reference Materials For The Analysis Of Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds, Handbook Of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons,” Marcel Dekker, Inc., 1983. 16.Lewis C.W.; Stevens R.K.; Rasmussen R.A.; Cardelino C.A. and Pierce T.E., “Biogenic Fraction Of Ambient VOC: Comparison Of Radiocarbon,Chromatographic, And Emissions Inventory Estimates For Atlanta,” Journal Air Waste Management Association., 1998. 17.Laskin S.; Kuschner M. and Drew R.T., “Studies In Pulmonary Carcinogenesis, In Inhalation Carcinogenesis,” US Atomic Energy Commission, pp. 321, 1970. 18.Masclet P.; Mouvier G.; and Nikolaou K., “Relative Decay Index And Sources Of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons,” Atmospheric Environment, Vol.20, pp. 439-445, 1986. 19.Pankow J.F., “Review And Comparative Analysis Of The Theories On Partitioning Between The Gas And Aerosol Particle In The Atmosphere,” Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 21, pp. 2275-2283., 1987 20.Pankow J.F., “An Absorption Model Of Gas/particle Partitioning In The Atmosphere,” Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 28, pp. 185-188, 1994. 21.Pankow J.F., “Further Discussion Of The Octanol/air Partition Coefficient Koa As A Correlating Parameter For Gas/particle Partitioning Coefficients,” Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 32, pp. 1493- 1497, 1998. 22.Pott F., “Pyrolyseabgase, PAHs And Lungenkrebsrisiko – Daten And Bewertung. Staub – Reinhaltung Der Luft,” Atmospheric Environment, vol.45, p369-379, 1985. 23.Pott P., “Chirurgical Observations Relative to the Cataract, the Polypus of the 130 Nose, the Cancer of the Scrotum, the Different Kinds of Ruptures, and the Mortification of the Toes and Feet,” L. Hawes, W. Clarke, and R. Collins, London , 1775. 24.Perena F.P. and Ahmed A.K., “Respirable Particles,” Ballinger Publish Co., 1979. 25.Rathore H.S., “Handbook Of Chromatography- Liquid Chromatography Of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons”, CRC Press, Section 1, pp. 1-19, 1991. 26.Seinfeld J.H. and Pandis S.N., “Atmospheric Chemistry And Physics”, Wiley Interscience, pp.724- 751, 1998. 27.Schifter I.; Diaz L.; Vera M.; Guzman E. and Lopez-Salinas E., “Impact Of Sulfur-In-Gasoline On Motor Vehicle Emissions In The Metropolitan Area Of Mexico City,” Fuel, 2003. 28.Tuominen J.; Salomaa S.; Pyysalo,H.; Tikkanen L.; Nurmela T.; Sorsa M. and Himberg K., “Polynuclear Aromatic Compounds And Genotoxicity In Particulate And Vapor Phases Of Ambient Air: Effect Of Traffic, Season, And Meteorological Conditions,” Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 22, pp.1228-1234, 1988. 29.Tsai P.J.; Shih T.S.; Chen H.L.; Lee W.J.; Lai C.H. and Liou. S.H., “Assessing And Predicting The Exposures Of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) And Their Carcinogenic Potencies From Vehicle Engine 133 Exhausts To Highway Toll Station Workers,” Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 38, pp. 333- 343, 2004. 30.Walsh M.P., “Risk Assessment/Risk Management Of Motor Vehicle Emissions,” 83th Annual Meeting of the Air & Waste Management Association, pp.102, 1990. 31.Yamasaki H., Kuwata K. and Miyamoto H., “Effects Of Ambient Temperature Aspects Of Airborne Polycyclis Aromatic Hydrocarbons,” Environ. Sci. Technol., Vol.16, No. 4, 1982 三、網頁參考文獻: 1.交通部網頁,http://www.motc.gov.tw/ | |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/33180 | - |
| dc.description.abstract | 現行機車管制污染物主要著重於碳氫化合物與一氧化碳,而機車所排放PAHs(多環芳香烴化合物,Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons)則明顯被忽略,本研究乃針對機車所排放PAHs進行量測,並對其排放特性進行探討。由於台灣地狹人稠,機車密度高,而民眾在使用機車之習性不同,使機車行車型態特性較複雜,因此本研究乃探討不同轉速下機車所排放PAHs之排放特性。由於改變所使用油品亦可達到傳統污染物減量之效果,本研究乃藉使用各種配置油品探討對機車廢氣中PAHs生成之影響,以瞭解油品組成與機車排放PAHs特性之關係。另為瞭解機車引擎排放廢氣中PAHs之對人體健康之影響,乃藉毒性當量濃度計算,以進行毒性定性評估。由於PAHs屬於半揮發性有機物質,於常溫常壓下,會有氣固共存之現象,故本研究亦對PAHs之固-氣相比例關係進行探討。
本研究發現,當機車引擎轉速達惰轉及高轉速時,會使得機車尾氣排放廢氣中PAHs濃度提高。引擎轉速於中轉速時,總PAHs排放濃度最低。不論何種引擎轉速處於何種狀態下,機車廢氣中主要以氣相PAHs排放為主,而低環數PAHs屬於較多之氣相PAHs;高環數PAHs則多形成於固相PAHs,但經毒性當量轉換後,可發現固相PAHs毒性當量濃度仍高於氣相PAHs毒性當量濃度。 油品與機車排放廢氣中PAHs之關係,當油品中氧含量提高,有機會使得機車尾氣排放PAHs濃度提高,而油品中硫含量之多寡,對於機車引擎尾氣排放廢氣中PAHs之影響不甚明顯,但對於油品中芳香烴含量增加,會導致PAHs排放濃度提高,本研究尚發現,當油品中苯含量提高時,可能造成機車尾氣排放PAHs濃度降低。 當引擎於中轉速時,會造成較高固氣相分布係數( Kp )值,而高轉速次之,最低為惰轉。當油品中氧含量降低,機車尾氣排放廢氣中PAHs之固氣相分布係數提高。但對於油品與固氣相分布係數卻較無明顯相關意義存在,此由於溫度對於固氣相分布係數之影響,大於油品成分對其之改變。 油品成分與PAHs毒性當量濃度之關係較具統計相關意義之現象,主要有氣相PAHs毒性當量濃度於惰轉以及高轉速時,分別與油品中氧含量呈現中度負相關以及中度正相關之現象。當引擎轉速於惰轉時,固相PAHs與油品中苯含量呈現中度負相關之現象。 | zh_TW |
| dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-13T04:28:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ntu-95-R93541131-1.pdf: 994672 bytes, checksum: 9233616dfad669808afca31faeca42cc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 | en |
| dc.description.tableofcontents | 第一章 前言 1
1-1 研究動機 1 1-2 研究目的 2 1-3 研究架構 3 第二章 文獻回顧 4 2-1 機車引擎運轉特性及其污染物排放特徵 4 2-1-1 機車引擎特性 4 2-1-2 機車行車型態對多環芳香烴化合物排放影響 6 2-2 多環芳香烴化合物生成機制 6 2-2-1 PAHs來源 7 2-2-2 PAHs生成機制 7 2-2-3 反應方程式 8 2-3 多環芳香烴化合物特性 8 2-3-1 多環芳香烴化合物物理與化學性質 9 2-3-2 多環芳香烴化合物對人體之影響 10 2-4 氣相及固相多環芳香烴化合物分布特性 12 2-5 多環芳香烴化合物毒性定性評估 14 2-6 油品成分對機車引擎排放多環芳香烴化合物之影響 16 第三章 實驗設備與方法 19 3-1 測試機車引擎及引擎動力計 19 3-1-1 引擎動力計系統 19 3-1-2 機車引擎 20 3-2 測試油品 20 3-3 機車廢氣採樣設備 24 3-3-1 多環芳香烴化合物採樣系統 24 3-3-2 多環芳香烴化合物採樣步驟 25 3-4 多環芳香烴分析方法 28 3-4-1 樣品前處理 28 3-4-2 樣品分析條件 30 3-5 多環芳香烴化合物之分布係數與毒性當量濃度計算 31 第四章 結果與討論 33 4-1 引擎轉速對PAHs排放特性之影響 33 4-1-1 引擎轉速對PAHs排放濃度之影響 33 4-1-2 引擎轉速對PAHs排放組成之影響 36 4-2 油品種類對PAHs排放組成之影響 42 4-2-1 氧含量對PAHs排放特性之影響 42 4-2-2 硫含量對PAHs排放特性之影響 47 4-2-3 芳香烴含量對PAHs排放特性之影響 51 4-2-4 苯含量對PAHs排放特性之影響 55 4-2-5 油品成分對PAHs排放特性之影響 59 4-3 多環芳香烴排放特徵之探討 61 4-3-1 固氣相PAHs比例關係 61 4-3-2 多環芳香烴化合物毒性定性之探討 72 第五章 結論與建議 85 5-1 結論 85 5-2 建議 87 | |
| dc.language.iso | zh-TW | |
| dc.subject | 機車引擎 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 油品成分 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 引擎動力計 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 多環芳香烴化合物 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | PAHs | en |
| dc.subject | Engin | en |
| dc.subject | Engine dynamometer | en |
| dc.subject | Fuel | en |
| dc.title | 機車所排放廢氣中多環芳香烴特性之研究 | zh_TW |
| dc.title | Study on the Characteristics of the PAHs from the motorcycle | en |
| dc.type | Thesis | |
| dc.date.schoolyear | 94-2 | |
| dc.description.degree | 碩士 | |
| dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 張章堂,謝祝欽,劉希平,陳律言 | |
| dc.subject.keyword | 多環芳香烴化合物,機車引擎,引擎動力計,油品成分, | zh_TW |
| dc.subject.keyword | PAHs,Engin,Engine dynamometer,Fuel, | en |
| dc.relation.page | 101 | |
| dc.rights.note | 有償授權 | |
| dc.date.accepted | 2006-07-21 | |
| dc.contributor.author-college | 工學院 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.author-dept | 環境工程學研究所 | zh_TW |
| 顯示於系所單位: | 環境工程學研究所 | |
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