台灣農田水利會經營效率之比較研究─ 三階段DEA及Metafrontier模型之應用

Abstract

本研究以台灣省15個農田水利會為對象，採用2001-2004年資料，共有60筆樣本資料進行實證研究。應用三階段DEA及Metafrontier作為分析模型，以滿足產出多樣、品質差異及生產環境各異之特殊要求。考量農田水利會發展型態特性下，探討其經營效率，提出改善經營效率之政策性建議，以提升有限資源的效率化利用。 農田水利會之經營效率值(三階段純粹技術效率值)，評估之結果為0.912。實證研究發現，若未摒除水利會所提供服務的不同產出品質，以及受到環境變數之影響，經營效率值將會低估9.88%。此外，若未考量規模效率，經營效率值也會低估16.48%。 如果產出方面(包括灌溉排水或經營收入)無法增加，則加強生產資源的管控及利用就顯得相當重要。對於未達到相對有效率的農田水利會而言，差額變數分析：指出在用人方面仍有其改善空間，而資本支出方面則較具充分利用之績效。在產出投入比分析方面，全體農田水利會以灌溉排水對資本支出的比(1.428)為最高，即單位資本支出所產生的灌溉排水產出為最多；其次為灌溉排水對經營支出的比(1.412)；而以灌溉排水對用水的比(0.983)為最少。再者，依據敏感度分析、產出投入比與效率值的相關分析等結果，各農田水利會應可瞭解其擁有資源的優劣勢，以改善其相對無效率或進步緩慢的窘境。

This research tries to estimate the operational efficiency of 15 Taiwan Irrigation Associations using empirical data from 2001 to 2004. In order to meet the characteristics including various outputs, different output qualities and specific production environments, 3-stage DEA and Metafrontier models are chosen and modified for empirical study. The findings of this research may give policy suggestions to improve the operational efficiency. The estimated operational efficiency, the pure technical efficiency in third stage, is 0.912. The study shows the operational efficiency will be underestimated by 9.88% if output quality variable and production environment variable are ignored. In addition, if scale efficiency is not taken under consideration, the efficiency will be underestimated by 16.48%. If the outputs are unable to expand in the short run, it is important to emphasize on control and utilization of the production inputs. Slack variable analysis points out the number of employee is to be improved, but capital expenditure is relatively fully utilized. Moreover, output-input ratio analysis shows that the irrigation and drainage to capital expenditure ratio is as high as 1.428, the irrigation and drainage to operation expenditure ratio is 1.412 and the irrigation and drainage to water use ratio is as low as 0.983. According to the findings of sensitivity analysis, output-input ratio and efficiency index, each Irrigation Association could find out its strength and weakness of resources endowment to improve the relative inefficiency and to make progress in the future.