溫度、氮素與起灌點對蕎麥芸香苷含量之影響

Abstract

本試驗選用三種蕎麥進行比較，分別為日本普通種蕎麥，日本韃靼種蕎麥及中國韃靼種蕎麥，分別利用氮肥施用量、土壤水量起灌點與溫度來觀察蕎麥植株其生長狀況與芸香苷含量之變化。在生長量之調查上，以中國韃靼種蕎麥生長量較大，中國韃靼種蕎麥採收時，鮮重分別約為日本韃靼種與普通種蕎麥的1.38與2.09倍；乾重為1.83與2.96倍。而蕎麥植株之累積芸香苷含量以中國韃靼種為最高，日本韃靼種次之，日本普通種蕎麥最低，分別為8.29 mg/100 DW、6.13 mg/100 DW與5.48 mg/100 DW。氮肥施用量與蕎麥植株生長量，對於這日本普通種、日本韃靼種與中國韃靼種這三種蕎麥均有明顯影響，不施肥為最差，而施肥量過多時也會造成植株有不良影響。而芸香苷均以不施肥有較高芸香苷之含量灌溉起始點之土壤含水量與生長量、芸香苷生成含量上，日本普通種生長量以灌溉起始點30％較佳，芸香苷含量以灌溉起始點25 %起灌者有最多含量，平均芸香苷含量為1.61 g/100g DW。日本韃靼種生長量也以灌溉起始點30％較佳，芸香苷含量以20 %起灌者有最多含量，平均芸香苷含量為2.65 g/100g DW。而中國韃靼種蕎麥芸香苷含量間無顯著相關性，含量則在4.30至4.87 g/100g DW 之間。在日本普通種、日本韃靼種這兩種蕎麥上，以20/15 ℃與25/20 ℃有較佳之生長狀況。鮮重、葉面積與株高均明顯與多於15/13 ℃與35/30℃這兩種溫度。溫度處理對於日本普通種葉片中芸香苷含量的影響，結果顯示芸香苷含量以35/30 ℃處理者含量為最高，芸香苷含量為1.98 g/100g DW，而日本韃靼種葉片中芸香苷含量在本次溫度實驗中，皆無明顯差異。含量則在2.38至2.49 g/100g DW之間。

Three buckwheat cultivars, Japanese common buckwheat (Fagopyrium esculentum Moench), Japanese tatary buckwheat (F. tataricum Gaertn), and Chinese tatary buckwheat (F. tataricum Gaertn), were selected to detect the plant rutin contain in different nitrogenous fertilizer dosing, initiated irrigation point of soil moisture, and cultivating temperature. The Chinese tatary buckwheat is 1.38 and 2.09 times greater in maximum accumulated fresh weight, and 1.83 and 2.96 times greater in maximum accumulated dry weight than Japanese common buckwheat and Japanese tatary buckwheat, respectively. The rutin contain in plant is 8.29 mg/100 DW, 6.13 mg/100 DW, and 5.48 mg/100 DW, in Chinese tatary buckwheat, Japanese tatary buckwheat, and Japanese common buckwheat, respectively. Experimental data showed that the zero nitrogenous fertilizer dosage treatment resulted the highest rutin contain in three buckwheat cultivars. The initiated irrigation point of soil moisture of Japanese common buckwheat for optimum growth is 30%, and for optimum rutin contain (1.61 g/100g DW) is 25%. The initiated irrigation point of soil moisture of Japanese tatary buckwheat for optimum growth is 30%, and for optimum rutin contain (2.65 g/100g DW) is 20%. The initiated irrigation point of soil moisture of Chinese tatary buckwheat is not related to growth rate and for optimum rutin contain (4.30 to 4.87 g/100g DW).The optimum growth temperature for Japanese common and tatary buckwheat is 25/20℃, the leaf area, fresh weight, and plant height are higher than those of 15/13℃ treatment and 35/30℃ treatment. The 1.98 g/100 DW rutin contain in the 35/30℃ treatment is the highest value among four temperature treatments for Japanese common buckwheat. The rutin contain (2.38 to 2.49 g/100 g DW)had no significant variation among four temperature treatments for Japanese tatary buckwheat.