關於複合動詞連用形名詞再動詞化之考察

Abstract

「動名詞」係與「suru」複合即成為動詞之名詞，而「動名詞+suru」的形式則稱之為「sa變動詞」，通常是具有動作性、但不具有動詞形式之名詞會加上「suru」來進行動詞化；然而一部份的複合動詞派生的連用形名詞也觀察得到加上「suru」進行｢再動詞化｣的現象。本研究的目的在於探討複合動詞形及｢連用形名詞+suru｣的異同，同時也探究並歸納出何種複合動詞之連用形名詞能夠加上「suru」進行再動詞化。 以往的研究雖然有觸及到部分複合動詞之連用形名詞觀察得到｢連用形名詞+suru｣的現象，但是卻沒有系統性的調查與分析。確實已屬動詞形的複合動詞不需要對其名詞形進行動詞化，但事實上卻有超過四成以上之複合動詞能有｢連用形名詞+suru｣之形式，本研究主要有以下發現：(1)與複合動詞型相較，｢連用形名詞+suru｣的使用範圍較為狹隘，兩者可謂是依據使用範圍在區別。(2)屬於狀態性動詞、瞬間動詞、非意志動詞以及私人行為之複合動詞不存在｢連用形名詞+suru｣之形式。(3)｢連用形名詞+suru｣之形式成立之複合動詞皆符合｢連用形名詞+wo+suru｣句法，亦即，｢連用形名詞+suru｣可謂是由｢連用形名詞+wo+suru｣經過統語性編入而成的形式。

In Japanese, verbal noun is a noun which can be verbalized by combining with the irregular verb ”suru” and the form ”verbal noun + suru” is called “sahen verb.” Generally, a noun with activity but has no verbal form can be verbalized by combining with “suru.” However, part of renyo-form nouns derived from compound verbs are also observed to have the identical way of term-transformation. The purpose of this study is to survey the similarities and differences between the compound verb and “renyo-form noun + suru”; moreover, I will consider and summarize which kind of compound verb can be transformed into “renyo-form noun + suru.” Though the phenomenon of renyo-form noun’s re-verbalization was mentioned in the previous literature, systematic and statistical research hasn’t been done for the present. Certainly, it’s unnecessary to verbalize the noun which is derived from verb, but there are more than 40 percent of compound verbs can be transformed into “renyo-form noun + suru” actually. Our findings are as follows: 1.Compared with compound verbs, the meaning of “renyo-form noun + suru” could be narrower. It appears that they are distinguished according to the range of usage. 2.Stative verbs, punctive verbs, non-volitional verbs and verbs represent the individual action cannot transform into “renyo-form noun + suru.” 3.The compound verbs which is able to transform into “renyo-form noun + suru” can also conform to the sentence pattern “renyo-form noun + wo + suru.” In other words, it may be inferred that “renyo-form noun + suru” is the form which is derived from “renyo-form noun + wo + suru” by syntactic incorporation.