日治時期台灣人家族法的殖民近代化與日本化----全新的舊慣

Abstract

本論文在探討日治時期台灣人家族法的性質。日治時期台灣人家族法雖然以「舊慣」或「習慣」為依據，但是日治時期的「舊慣」或「習慣」，必須放在近代西方法的法源論之下理解，是屬於近代法律規範的一環。由此，日治時期台灣人家族舊慣，與清治時期的民間習慣性質上完全不同。因此，日治時期台灣人家族法，可以稱為「全新的舊慣」。 本文從幾個方面探討了此一「全新的舊慣」，包括戶口制度的引進對於家族內部關係的影響、個人土地所有權對於家族習慣中家產制度的影響，以及實體法規範對於台灣人家族習慣的影響。這些改變台灣家族習慣的新因素，除了來自近代西方法之外，也包括日本固有法；而促成這些改變的主要媒介，在決策上固然與日本中央政府有關，但實際執行方面，則為殖民地的行政及司法機關。 對於這些因素的引進，台灣人的參與非常有限。雖然在1920年代台灣人曾經提出自己的法律近代化觀點，並且在社會生活面造成一些影響，但是對於國家法律而言，影響甚微。但是由國家主導的這些法律上的改變，對於台灣人家族生活的影響，也不是全面性的。這是因為這些新的規範只有在台灣人發生紛爭且進入法院時才會被適用。而在家族日常生活中，台灣人仍因襲舊有的生活習慣，處理家族關係。

The thesis explores the family law of Taiwanese under Japanese colonial rule(1895-1945). According to the state law, The family law of Taiwanese should follow the existing customs, i.e., old customs. Yet the meaning of the word “custom” here must be understood in the context of Japanese law system---a westernized, modern law system, thus has a totally different meaning from its original meaning. Under the framework of “old customs”, Japanese colonial government reforms the family law of Taiwanese. The thesis discusses the process from some perspectives: the Household register system, land survey and the introduction of ownership, survey of existing customs. All these projects help to shape the new old customs of Taiwanese’s family life, and the Newness of the “old customs” could be summarized as colonial modernization and japanization. The thesis also discusses the role of Taiwanese during the shaping process. Owing to their weakness both in politics and their knowledge of modern legal system, Taiwanese seldom have a chance to express their opinion. Though some Taiwanese advanced their own opinions about the family law of Taiwanese in 1920s, and tried hard to permeate their idea into Taiwanese society, still, they had little influence on the state law. Yet this doesn’t mean that the influence of legal reform of the family law of Taiwanese by the colonial government is extensive. Under the principle of “no trial without complaint”, only those who have disputes and claim lawsuit will be regulated by the new customs. For most Taiwanese, they still handle family affairs with customs they learned from ancestors.