奧地利人造板產業國際競爭力之研究─應用於臺灣人造板產業

Abstract

本篇論文藉由現有的國際化理論來定義奧地利人造板產業之關鍵成功因素。在學理上的架構將以競爭優勢做為決定因素，同時在競爭優勢方面更包含關於永續發展的問題與解決辦法。本篇論文從區域集群效應和網路鑲嵌理論出發，接著探討針對國際化所應採取的不同策略，以及國際間的協同合作和國際競爭的模式。接著綜合Uppsala學派的觀點和全球化時代下因距離所造成的種種要素來進行探討。 筆者以台灣廠商的例子為基礎進行研究，研究目的是最終獲得持續性出口的奧地利製人造板。研究方法藉由貿易流量資料分析和個別的電訪之後，結果發現與供應商間維持合作和網路鑲嵌可達到國際化擴張的競爭性利基優勢，而筆者所描述之奧地利製人造板製造商的成功因素也可由Porter的鑽石模型得到應證。 本論文結果發現，即使當輸入至台灣全世界的木材和人造板減少，但奧地利進口的「高科技」人造板數量仍舊持續增加中。

The present paper analyses the available theories of internationalization in order to define the key success factors of the Austrian wood based panel industry. The theoretical framework encompasses the determinants of competitive advantage, as well as sustainability problems and shifts in competitive advantages. We will mention the effects of clusters and network embeddedness. The next step will lead us to different sets of strategies for going international, the global coordination and patterns of international competition. The Uppsala Model, as well as the different factors of distance in a globalized world will have our attention. We will conducts this research based on the example of Taiwan, a destination of constant exports of “Made in Austria” wood based panels. The empirical study, based on trade flow analysis and individual telephone interviews, will show that cooperation and network embeddedment with supplier industries give a main competitive edge for national and international expansion and Porter’s Diamond Model reveals the underlying factors for the success of Austria’s wood – based panel producers. We will find out that, even when global sourcing of wood and wood based panel products to Taiwan decreases, imports of Austria’s “high-tech” - boards are still on the rise.