台灣食品業經營績效分析

Abstract

本文研究台灣地區2004 至2006 年間食品產業上市上櫃公司之經營績效，採資料包絡法進行生產力評估。發現主產品包含飼料油脂的廠商中，卜蜂、佳格、大統益三家廠商連續三年達到完全技術效率；而統一、泰山、福壽、台榮、南僑五家廠商則連續三年表現不佳；其他食品飲料業，聯華食、天仁、恆義、環泰四家廠商連續三年達到完全技術效率；味全、味王、愛之味、黑松四家廠商則連續三年低於平均水準，表現不佳，其中績效相對不佳的廠商原因多半集中於營業收入淨額不足以及固定資產過多。飼料油脂廠商其績效與資產報酬率呈現顯著中度正相關；與資本密集度則呈現顯著高度負相關。至於績效與資本額、研發密集度以及廣告密集間則無顯著關聯性。而其他食品飲料廠商其績效與資產報酬率呈現顯著中度正相關，與資本額、資本密集度間則分別呈現顯著高度負相關以及顯著中度負相關。至於研發密集度與廣告密集則與績效無顯著相關。

This work examines the effects of productive efficiency on the survival of firms in the Taiwan food sector. Technical and scale efficiency scores are computed within a data envelopment analysis (DEA) framework. All firms are separated into two groups—feed or oil companies and beverage companies. The result suggests that among feed or oil companies, three of them are efficient in a row, while five companies are inefficient in a row; among beverage companies, four of them are efficient in a row, and the other four companies are inefficient in a row. The cause of inefficiency may lie in net sales and fixed assets.