臺灣女性勞動參與決定因素之研究

Abstract

本文旨在探討臺灣女性勞動參與之決定因素，採用臺灣2001年至2016年中華民國行業標準分類第10次修訂版19行業別之女性勞動參與率，及聚焦影響女性勞動供給之4面向8項總體變數，並運用固定效果模型進行實證分析。 研究結果發現，各行業實質產值、教育程度、男女薪資差距及男女性受高等教育比率差距與預期方向相符且顯著。在本文資料限制下推論，景氣成長對女性勞動供給有正向助益可填補勞動力缺口，教育程度提升改變女性就業的機會成本與勞動參與呈正向關係，男女減少薪資及受高等教育的差距有助提升女性勞動參與，家庭面向的生育率、結婚率及社會福利等變數，雖與預期方向相符惟不顯著，可能是因為世代轉變而提升女性意識，使家庭因素對勞動參與的影響降低。另男性失業率與預期方向相同但不顯著，可能原因為家庭結構改變故影響家庭經濟互補狀況。

This thesis looks at the determinants of female labor participation in Taiwan, examining the female labor participation rate of 19 industries from 2001 to 2016 and focusing on eight macroeconomic variables, using Fixed Effect Model for empirical analysis. The results show that female labor participation is positively related to industry prosperity and level of education, which promote female labor participation. By bridging the gender wage gap and equalizing the level of education each gender receives, female labor participation is increased. On the other hand, family factors such as fertility rate, marriage rate and social welfare do not seem to have a significant influence on female labor participation, possibly due to the fact that generational shift has enhanced feminist consciousness, thus reducing the impact family factors have on female labor participation. Finally, male unemployment rate is non-significant, which may be because changes in family structure have changed the way household expenses are shared.