外食對於心理健康的影響 以2004年-2008年台灣國民營養健康狀況變遷調查為對象

Abstract

由於外食（FAFH）比例逐年增加，已成為現代人主要飲食型式，根據行政院主計處「家庭收支報告」，台灣家庭飲食支出在2017年有43.48%的比例在餐館消費，關於外食對於人民健康的影響以成為各國關注的議題，研究表示在餐館所攝取的每單位所提供的能量遠遠大於我們在家烹飪的攝取，外食會攝取過多的熱量及鈉、不足的維生素及其他營養成分失衡，造成身體健康的負擔，如肥胖、慢性病及心血管疾病等。而在食物與心理健康的研究，多以營養素與情緒之間的研究，許多文獻已證實適當攝取營養素可以改善憂鬱情緒及其他情緒困擾。 本文取自行政院衛生署2004-2008年「台灣營養健康狀況變遷調查」（NAHSIT）的資料，使用最小平方法（OLS）及Probit Model來分析每個外食對於心理健康的效果，並利用傾向分數之逆權重機率倒數（IPW）來校正迴歸模型，解決外食與個人條件變數之內生性問題。實證結果顯示，晚餐外食與心理健康具有顯著正向相關性，對於簡式健康量表總分有顯著增加，在憂鬱症傾向部分也有增加機率的效果。

As the proportion of food-away-from-home (FAFH) has increased over years, it has become the main dietary style. According to the “Survey of Family Income and Expenditure”, Taiwan’s household food expenditure consumed in restaurants was up to 43.48% in 2017. Many countries concern the issues about the impact of FAFH on people's health, and many studies point out that the food energy per unit in the restaurant is far greater than the intake of cooking at home, it will let us consume too much calories, sodium, less vitamin and other nutrients, and be easy to cause the burden on the body, such as obesity, chronic diseases and cardiovascular diseases. In the study of the relationship between food and mental health, mainly based on study of nutrients and emotions, previous studies have confirmed that proper intake of nutrients can improve depression and other emotional problems. Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Survey in 2004-2008 in Taiwan (NAHSIT), we used OLS and Probit model to discuss the effect of FAFH on mental health. We also use inverse probability weighting (IPW) to solve the endogeneity problem. The results show that there is a significant positive correlation between dinner and mental health, a significant increase in the total score of Brief Symptom Rating Scale (BSRS-5) and the probability of depression.