指認證據之評價–以單一指認的規範適用問題為中心–

Abstract

指認證據之正確性近來已成為關注焦點，依據冤獄平反計劃組織的研究顯示，指認證據為錯誤定罪的首要成因，尤其單一指認程序之可信性更值存疑，多數學說及實務對於單一指認所取得的證據，均傾向於以傳聞例外處理其證據能力。本文認為對於誤導性指認程序所衍生的證據評價議題，應回歸刑事訴訟法第158條之4的規定逐步建立審查體系，才是正本清源之道，並藉此探究我國實務常見的單一指認議題，尤其是如何透過既有證人訊問及證據排除之一般性規定，找出適當的解釋方向，以解決實務適用上之問題，為本文的重心所在。

The accuracy of identification testimony has been highlighted in recent years. The Innocence Project finds that the eyewitness misidentification is the leading cause of wrongful convictions. Further, the show-up is probably the worst identification form of all. Most Taiwanese scholars and courts follow the Supreme Court’s inappropriate “hearsay rule” framework. The purpose of this article is to provide the “exclusionary rule” approach to determining whether show-up evidence is admissible at trial and focus on the legal application of the show-up identification.