自動化生產對企業競爭優勢之影響 —以台灣二極體產業E公司鮭魚返鄉為例

Abstract

自二十世紀末期開始，台灣高科技產業紛紛因中國大陸廉價之人力資源而外移，但近年由於中國大陸勞工意識抬頭與工資飆漲，使許多以中國大陸為生產重心之台灣產業不得不轉移生產基地；有些前往東協越南、印尼、緬甸等地，也有些將工廠遷回台灣進行生產；企業面臨諸多選項及抉擇時，究竟應該如何做出最後之決定呢？因此，本研究藉由鑽石理論模型、企業內外部分析與個案研究之方式，以鮭魚返鄉並導入自動化生產系統之台灣E公司為例，並以未導入自動化之中國大陸廠商T公司為對照，進一步探討個案公司返回台灣設置自動化生產系統後之改變與優勢。經由本研究之分析探討，歸納結論如下：(1) 相較於中國大陸，台灣更具有導入自動化生產系統之條件，尤其在資源、人力才能等生產要素與相關產業之支援條件；(2) 個案公司返台設廠並導入自動化生產線後，在產品生產成本、價格、品質與產能上更具有競爭優勢，個案公司也憑藉自動化生產線所帶來之資源配置改變，使研發部門有更多資源來強化發展；(3) 返台設立自動化生產系統之台灣個案公司，無論是在生產流程、產品品質與產能、作業與管理人員調度，及生產成本等各方面，均有顯著之成長與改變，且顯著優於未導入自動化生產系統之中國大陸對比個案公司。可見，返台設廠並導入自動化生產系統為個案公司帶來許多競爭優勢；同時，亦成為個案公司將競爭策略深植為成本領導之基礎。

At the end of the twentieth century, Taiwan’s high-tech firms began relocating their factories to Mainland China due to cheaper human resources. However, rising awareness of labor issues and soaring wages in Mainland China are now forcing industries to move production bases again. This study employed the Michael Porter’s diamond model and internal and external analysis to a case study comparing Taiwanese company E, which implemented an automated production system and returned to Taiwan, with Mainland manufacturer T, which does not have an automated production system and stayed in Mainland China. This study explored the changes involved with the case company’s return to Taiwan, as well as the transition following adoption of an automated production system. Analysis resulted in the following conclusions: (1) When compared to China, Taiwan offers more favorable conditions for the incorporation of automated production systems in terms of production factors, resources and talent; (2) returning to Taiwan and adopting an automated production system increased competitive advantage, lowering production costs and product prices while raising quality and production capacity. Reallocation of these resources promoted advances in the R&D department; (3) the case company displayed significant progress in production procedures and employee scheduling, exhibiting considerably better performance than the Mainland manufacturer. These results suggest that returning to Taiwan and adopting an automated production system gave the case company many competitive advantages and the foundation to become a cost leader in its industry.