我國客艙組員工時制度與保護規定之研究

Abstract

本文探討工作時間法理，針對客艙組員之工作時間為研究。2019年6月20日，長榮航空空服員發動罷工，抗爭訴求之一:「針對區域航線易超時航班開放過夜。」欲表達客艙組員工作時間過長且休息時間不足的問題。客艙組員屬於勞基法第八十四條之一工作者，政府基於企業營運需求，允許國際航線單一航段，飛航時間超過12小時之越洋航線適用工時除外制度。航空公司基於人力調派與營運考量，將區域航線與越洋航線皆納入為勞基法第八十四條之一適用範圍，並且直接以航空器飛航作業管理規則中關於工作時間之規定，作為工時約定之準則。我國勞基法就工時彈性程序雖訂有規範，但對進一步的協商功能與監督機制，則無特別規定。勞雇雙方欲另行約定工時條件僅能仰賴勞資自治。 近年來因空服員勞動意識發展越趨成熟，組織工會並運用工會具有之自主性與影響力，透過團體協商、勞資會議等方式針對適用後的勞動契約內容，與雇主取得更合理的勞動條件。研究發現依據任務型態區分，將越洋航線適用勞基法第八十四條之一工時除外適用制度，其餘航線則回歸勞基法一般規範。對航空公司來說，反而可針對不同之飛航任務型態給予差異化的外站津貼，也能精確地計算可運用之人力並控管人事成本，使排班更彈性化，亦能讓組員各取所需並兼顧飛航安全與公司營運。目前實務之運作，證明並非一定要在工時除外適用制度下，航空公司的派遣作業才得以運行，也證實透過勞工集體力量來取得對等的協商地位，較有可能爭取到與雇主協議的可能性，得以將勞動條件進行改善。

This article explores the legal principles of working hours, study the working hours of cabin crew. On 20 June 2019, EVA AIR flight attendants went on strike, One of the protest claims: 「Area navigation route to prevent time-out by staying overnight.」To express the problem of cabin crew long working hours and taking short breaks. Cabin crew belong to workers under Article 84-1 of the Labor Standard Act. Government based on business operational needs the Labor Article 84-1 can operate on transoceanic routes with a flight time of more than 12 hours. Based on the consideration of manpower deployment and operation, the airline shall incorporate both Area navigation route and transoceanic routes into the scope of application of one of the 84 -1 parts of the Labor Act, and directly take the provisions of the Aircraft Flight Operation Regulations (AOR) on working hours as the guidelines for the working hours agreement. Although there are norms in the labor-based law on the flexible procedure of working hours, there are no special provisions for the further consultation function and supervision mechanism. Labor and employer parties to agree on other working hours conditions can only rely on labor autonomy. In recent years, the development of flight attendant's labor consciousness has become more and more mature. To organization of professional and enterprise trade unions and use their autonomy and influence to obtain more reasonable working conditions with employers through group consultation, labor conferences and other means to obtain more reasonable working conditions with employers. The study found that according to the task pattern distinction, the transoceanic routes are applied to the labor-based law, article 84-1, while the rest of the routes return to the general norms of the Labor Standard Act. For airlines, differential external perks can be given for different flight mission patterns, It is also possible to accurately calculate the available manpower and control personnel costs, so that the scheduling is more flexible, but also to enable the crew to take the required and take into account the safety of flying and the company's operations. From the perspective of current that it is not necessary to operate the dispatch operations of airlines under the system of excluding working hours, and also confirms that it is more likely that the possibility of obtaining reciprocal consultative status through collective labor forces will allow for the improvement of working conditions.