你甘有聽到咱唱歌：海峽兩岸服務貿易協議批判政治論述分析

Abstract

2013年6月21日，兩岸正式簽署ECFA架構下的《海峽兩岸服務貿易協議》，雙方相互開放服務業市場的內容。2014年3月17日，立法院內政委員會召委張慶忠在聯席委員會上宣告，服貿協議視同完成審查，引起台灣社會各界譁然。公民團體於3月18日進入立法院，佔據議場，進行為期24天的「318反服貿學運」。本研究主要關注反服貿運動過程中，網路反對論述與政府論述之間的攻防，結合審議民主理論以及多元公眾模式進行討論，試圖透過Fairclough與Fairclough提出的批判政治論述分析架構，解構政府在運動過程中關於行動主張、目標前提、價值前提以及環境前提的轉變，並以PTT八卦版以及服貿版的論述作為評估政府論述的主要方式。研究結果顯示，政府在運動的過程中順應社會壓力的變化針對自身論述做出調整，但僅是新自由主義意識形態的再製；而政府論述以及網路論述在運動過程中形成對峙與拉鋸的樣態，政府並沒有符合政治過程中，理想的審議民主概念。此外，網路反對服貿的論述超越過去藍綠的二元對立，討論的不只是中國本身帶來的負面影響，更是服貿身為自由貿易協定背後對於平等之價值的影響。

Taiwan and China had signed Cross-Strait Agreement on Trade in Services on June, 2013, which aroused much dispute among the society. Ten months later, the debate had reached a breaking point. Hundreds of demonstrators occupied the Legislative Yuan and Executive Yuan, managing to hold off the pact from taking effect. To understand the communicative process between demonstrators and the government during the movement, this study combines the perspective of deliberative democracy and Fraserian model of multiple public spheres. By deconstructing discourse of the government into five categories: claims, values premises, circumstances premises, goal premise and means-goal premise with critical political discourse analysis developed by Fairclough and Faiclough, this study elaborates the transformation in government’s discourse and the evaluation from discourse produced on the Gossiping Board and FuMoudiscuss Board on PTT. There are several results which indicate that the government’s discourse only reproduce the ideology of Neoliberalism over and over again, without responding to voices of the people. Moreover, the communicative process is confronted and falls into the counter sphere, which shows the incompetence of government to follow deliberative democracy. Finally, the discourse on the Internet transcends the traditional binary ideologies of “blue” and “green”, which instead discusses more about the negative effect caused by free trade on values such as “rights” and “equality”.