利用熱處理方式激化複合材料表面螺紋印現象

Abstract

玻璃纖維強化塑膠(GFRP，Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Plastic)複合材料被廣泛運用在各類領域，SCRIMP (Seemann’s Composite Resin Infusion Molding Process)是採用樹脂導流網此項專利進行樹脂的真空灌注製程方法，也是近年來船舶廠最常用的製程工法。當GFRP材料離模後經過一段時間，膠殼表面組織逐漸產生細小紋路及凹陷，此出現的不平整現象稱為表面螺紋印現象(Print-Through Phenomenon，簡稱PTP)。PTP現象主要的生成因素是不飽和聚酯樹脂進行硬化反應，溫差使得熱膨脹係數不同的樹脂和纖維產生不一致的收縮，以及製程中大氣壓力擠壓造成殘餘應力，當構件離模殘餘應力逐漸地釋放，造成材料產生形變。本文以直觀的膠殼表面反射影像作為定性觀察，表面性質振福參數的中心線平均粗糙度Ra和最大高度粗糙度Rt作為定量分級依據。過去為了解決PTP現象，大多採用減低殘留應力的產生或阻擋殘留應力釋放影響至膠殼表面。本論文提出不同改善玻璃纖維強化塑膠複合材料膠殼表面螺紋印現象的方法，採以逆向的思考方式，以熱退火處理進行船殼內部殘留應力的消除及釋放，將遊艇表面螺紋印現象激化達最嚴重程度，再做一次性的研磨修補動作，避免因殘餘應力緩慢而持續地釋放影響遊艇表面品質。

GFRP, Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Plastic, this composite material has been used in various areas widely. SCRIMP, Seemann’s Composite Resin Infusion Molding Process is a resin vacuum infusion process method used by resin flow. After the GFRP component separating from the mold for a while, it will produce some veins and holes on the surface. This phenomenon is called Print-Through Phenomenon. The major producing factor of PTP is the different coefficients of thermal expansion between resin and fiber. The other factor is the residual stress produced by atmospheric pressure in the process. The PTP is visual measured by reflecting image of surface. The average roughness (Ra) and the amplitude of the surface profile (Rt) are a level for measuring PTP. The study presents a method to reduce the residual stress using heat treatment, and excite the PTP on the surface of GFRP specimens completely. Afterward the PTP is solved successful by grinding and polishing.