工會自治之法原則及其界限—日本工會民主主義法原理對我國之啟示

Abstract

關於所謂工會自治的問題，我國向來的研究較為稀少。然而，實務上存在著一定數量的相關函釋與法院裁判。事實上，即便是民法學說，對於團體內部的問題之研究也非常有限。從而，本論文先整理了民法、人民團體法及相關法令後，初步建構了社團運作的模型，然後再從工會法令暨相關實務見解，點出我國目前的現況。亦即，關於統制處分的合法性之判斷標準以及工會民主之概念，均有予以釐清之必要。本論文在考察日本法的發展之後發現，關於統制處分的合法性之判斷標準，亦有學者提出一般性的審查標準，而此一標準與學者所介紹的社團罰審查基準非常相似。從而，關於統制處分的合法性之判斷標準，本論文主張，既然工會亦屬社團法人之一種，當可直接適用此一理論框架。除此之外，本論文亦從我國法院裁判及日本學說汲取部分要素，重新調整了民法學說所介紹的社團罰審查基準。而關於日本法所謂的工會民主主義，因我國甚少有文獻探討之，故相關法理論均值我國參考。只不過，工會民主主義之法理念僅是作為司法解釋之一部分，或者應該進一步的以立法實踐之，則屬立法政策問題，有待進一步之研究。

In Taiwan, researches related to union autonomy are rare. However, administrative interpretations and court decisions that can be connected to union autonomy do exist. This thesis is attempted to figure out the concept of union autonomy and the concrete issues of it, so the rules of other groups are also collected. This result of such collection and study reveals that for trade union, the criteria of discipline sanction’s validity and the concept of union decromacy remain vague, which also refers to the necessacity of comparative study of Japan, the country that deeply influences labor law in Taiwan. After the study on Japan’s labor law, this thesis advocates that the frame for corporate sanction’s validity could also apply on union’s disciplinary sanction, for that trade union is also one kind of juridical association. As for union democracy, due to the shortage of related research and data, the development of union democracy in Japan becomes enlightment for Taiwan.