請用此 Handle URI 來引用此文件:
http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/10602
標題: | 現代政治形式的嘗試與探索:陳獨秀政治思想中的民主概念 An Attempt on Modern Political Form: the Conception of Democracy in Chen DuXiu’s Political Thought |
作者: | Chih-Ting Hsieh 謝芷廷 |
指導教授: | 王遠義 |
關鍵字: | 陳獨秀,民主,新文化運動,共產主義,民主主義革命,無產階級專政, Chen Duxiu,China Democracy,Communism,proletarian dictatorship, |
出版年 : | 2010 |
學位: | 碩士 |
摘要: | 在眾多討論中國民主化的研究中,中國人對民主概念的認識是一項重要的切入角度,而要探討中國人對民主概念的理解,則必須回到西方民主思想進入中國,並對中國社會產生巨大影響的中國近現代。在中國近現代諸多關懷民主議題的知識份子之中,陳獨秀對於民主概念的接受和詮釋,是中國近現代民主思潮中一個重要的觀點。本文從陳獨秀開始發表民主政治評論開始,一直到晚年提出對民主的根本見解,梳理並分析陳獨秀對於民主概念的認知和應用,並且指出在不同時期中,陳獨秀因為面對不同的政治局勢,援引不同的學說理論於中國問題之上,所以對民主概念內容的理解也有所不同。本文試圖從陳獨秀的文字中,直接分析在使用民主一詞,或是類似的概念時,背後所欲彰顯的關懷,以及論述的目的,特別是針對每個階段的轉折過程予以解釋。
陳獨秀從新文化運動時期揭示「民主」與「科學」的重要性,其論述的主旨是要糾正傳統中國的政治觀和價值觀,以服膺於進化論所描繪的人類文明發展進程。在強調人民(而不是君主)作為國家的主人的論述中,將新文化運動時期中對民主作為一種價值觀的理解,與杜威的民治主義和由俄國大革命為模範的共產主義,在思維方式上相互連結,將民主概念的理解從人格價值觀轉移到現實政治結果,於是「人民參與政治的主動性」成為陳獨秀的民主價值中的核心論述。這個核心論述通過共產主義理論以及實踐策略的陳述,成為從支持到反對「民主政治體制」的論述依據,並且在共產主義的唯物史觀中,民主概念必須在階級性質的框架中才能體現。此時陳獨秀所站在反對西方民主共和政體的基礎上,推崇由參與主體更為廣大的無產階級所形構的「社會主義民主」。 然而,在1927大革命失敗之後,陳獨秀從革命策略的修正,以及面對史達林的無產階級專制統治,揭示民主制度條件的重要性,他認為人民參與政治的主動性與民主制度條件是構成民主概念的重要元素,而這兩個元素也是構成了陳獨秀對民主的根本見解。 “Democracy” has played an important role in recent day, especially in observing China’s political reformation. It is more important that how Chinese intellectuals perceive the conception of democracy. Because they are playing a key role to propagate the “new” concept to all Chinese people who have not heart about this conception since 2000 years before. This study would analyze the conception of democracy of Chen Duxiu, who was the most significant figure in modern Chinese history. The New-Culture movement was the initial stage of Chen’s idea of democracy, and he developmented his thought with the democracy thought from West. Influenced by Evolutionism, he considered that the “West Democracy” is the truth of evolution of world civilization. He also attributed the weakness of China to ignorant of the modern political conception. But he dramatically changed his viewpoint after Paris Peace Conference. Finally he accepted the theory of Communism which was influenced by Russia Revolution in 1917. He condemned the conception of “West democracy” which is the tool controlled by bourgeoisie, and advocated the “true democracy’-socialism democracy which allows all people to be the truly master of country. This thought seemed to be alternative with that in last stage, but he held the core conception of democracy which means the populace’s autonomy and activity with political affairs. The content of democracy which Chen realized also become a key resource of his conception of democracy in next stage. When Chinese Communism Party was purged by KMT in 1927, Chen changed his viewpoint of democracy again. He perceived the content of democracy with revolution tactic. Chen considered that the “institution of political liberty” is a significant element in concept of democracy. In his last years of life, he against Stalin’s dictatorship with his final idea of democracy, he considered that people’s autonomy in political affairs and the institution of political liberty are two inevitable factors in the conception of democracy. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/10602 |
全文授權: | 同意授權(全球公開) |
顯示於系所單位: | 政治學系 |
文件中的檔案:
檔案 | 大小 | 格式 | |
---|---|---|---|
ntu-99-1.pdf | 990.24 kB | Adobe PDF | 檢視/開啟 |
系統中的文件,除了特別指名其著作權條款之外,均受到著作權保護,並且保留所有的權利。