Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/10269
Full metadata record
???org.dspace.app.webui.jsptag.ItemTag.dcfield??? | Value | Language |
---|---|---|
dc.contributor.advisor | 蘇南維 | |
dc.contributor.author | Szu-Lan Chen | en |
dc.contributor.author | 陳似蘭 | zh_TW |
dc.date.accessioned | 2021-05-20T21:15:42Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2011-02-20 | |
dc.date.available | 2021-05-20T21:15:42Z | - |
dc.date.copyright | 2011-02-20 | |
dc.date.issued | 2011 | |
dc.date.submitted | 2011-01-29 | |
dc.identifier.citation | 顏文俊(2007)。'神仙美食巧克力'。食品資訊,218:60-67。
Adamson, G. E., Lazarus, S. A., Mitchell, A. E., Prior, R. L., Cao, G., Jacobs, P. H., Kremers, B. G., Hammerstone, J. F., Rucker, R. B., Ritter, K. A. and Schmitz, H. H. (1999). 'HPLC method for the quantification of procyanidins in cocoa and chocolate samples and correlation to total antioxidant capacity.' Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 47: 4184-4188. Afoakwa, E., Paterson, A. and Fowler, M. (2007). 'Factors influencing rheological and textural qualities in chocolate – a review.' Trends in Food Science & Technology 18: 290-298. Afoakwa, E. O., Paterson, A., Fowler, M. and Ryan, A. (2008). 'Flavor Formation and Character in Cocoa and Chocolate: A Critical Review.' Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 48: 840-840. Ardhana, M. M. and Fleet, G. H. (2003). 'The microbial ecology of cocoa bean fermentations in Indonesia.' International Journal of Food Microbiology 86: 87-99. Aregheore, E. M. (2002). 'Chemical evaluation and digestibility of cocoa (Theobroma cacao) byproducts fed to goats.' Tropical Animal Health and Production 34: 339-348. Arlorio, M., Coisson, J., Travaglia, F., Varsaldi, F., Miglio, G., Lombardi, G. and Martelli, A. (2005). 'Antioxidant and biological activity of phenolic pigments from hulls extracted with supercritical CO.' Food Research International 38: 1009-1014. Arteel, G. E., Schroeder, P. and Sies, H. (2000). 'Reactions of Peroxynitrite with Cocoa Procyanidin Oligomers.' Journal of Nutrition 130: 2100S-2104-2100S-2104. Attama, A. and Mullergoymann, C. (2006). 'A critical study of novel physically structured lipid matrices composed of a homolipid from Capra hircus and theobroma oil.' International Journal of Pharmaceutics 322: 67-78. Bearden Monica, M., Pearson Debra, A., Rein, D., Chevaux Kati, A., Carpenter Dana, R., Keen Carl, L. and Schmitz, H. (2000). Potential Cardiovascular Health Benefits of Procyanidins Present in Chocolate and Cocoa. Caffeinated Beverages, American Chemical Society. 754: 177-186. Belitz, H. D. and Grosch, W. (1988). Café, té y cacao. Quimica de los Alimentos. Spain, Acribia Zaragoza: 747-781. Benowitz, N. L. (1990). 'Clinical Pharmacology of Caffeine.' Annual Review of Medicine 41: 277-288. Bergmann, J. F. (1969). 'The Distribution of Cacao Cultivation in Pre-Columbian America.' Annals of the Association of American Geographers 59: 85-85. Bhattacharjee, R. and Kumar, P. L. (2007). Cacao. Genome Mapping and Molecular Breeding in Plants. Berlin, Heidelberg, Springer Berlin Heidelberg. 6. Borchers, A. T., Keen, C. L., Hannum, S. M. and Gershwin, M. E. (2000). 'Cocoa and Chocolate: Composition, Bioavailability, and Health Implications.' Journal of Medicinal Food 3: 77-105. Bouzidi, L. and Narine, S. S. (2010). 'Evidence of Critical Cooling Rates in the Nonisothermal Crystallization of Triacylglycerols: A Case for the Existence and Selection of Growth Modes of a Lipid Crystal Network.' Langmuir 26: 4311-4319. Brunetto, M. d. R., Gutiérrez, L., Delgado, Y., Gallignani, M., Zambrano, A., Gómez, Á., Ramos, G. and Romero, C. (2007). 'Determination of theobromine, theophylline and caffeine in cocoa samples by a high-performance liquid chromatographic method with on-line sample cleanup in a switching-column system.' Food Chemistry 100: 459-467. Buijsse, B., Feskens, E. J. M., Kok, F. J. and Kromhout, D. (2006). 'Cocoa Intake, Blood Pressure, and Cardiovascular Mortality: The Zutphen Elderly Study.' Arch Intern Med 166: 411-417. Camu, N., De Winter, T., Addo, S. K., Takrama, J. S., Bernaert, H. and De Vuyst, L. (2008). 'Fermentation of cocoa beans: influence of microbial activities and polyphenol concentrations on the flavour of chocolate.' Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 88: 2288-2297. Camu, N., De Winter, T., Verbrugghe, K., Cleenwerck, I., Vandamme, P., Takrama, J. S., Vancanneyt, M. and De Vuyst, L. (2007). 'Dynamics and Biodiversity of Populations of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Acetic Acid Bacteria Involved in Spontaneous Heap Fermentation of Cocoa Beans in Ghana.' Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73: 1809-1824. Cebula, D. J. and Smith, K. W. (1991). 'Differential scanning calorimetry of confectionery fats. Pure triglycerides: Effects of cooling and heating rate variation.' Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society 68: 591-595. Chaiseri, S. and Dimick, P. S. (1989). 'Lipid and hardness characteristics of cocoa butters from different geographic regions.' Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society 66: 1771-1776. Chaiseri, S. and Dimick, P. S. (1995). 'Dynamic crystallization of cocoa butter. I. characterization of simple lipids in rapid- and slow-nucleating cocoa butters and their seed crystals.' Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society 72: 1491-1496. Chatt, E. M. (1953). Cocoa: Cultivation, Processing, Analysis, Inter-science Publishers. Counet, C. and Collin, S. (2003). 'Effect of the Number of Flavanol Units on the Antioxidant Activity of Procyanidin Fractions Isolated from Chocolate.' Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 51: 6816-6822. Debaste, F., Kegelaers, Y., Liegeois, S., Amor, H. and Halloin, V. (2008). 'Contribution to the modelling of chocolate tempering process.' Journal of Food Engineering 88: 568-575. El-Hamdy, A. H. and Perkins, E. G. (1981). 'High performance reversed-phase chromatography of natural triglyceride mixtures.' Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society 58: 49-53. El-Saied, H. M., Morsi, M. K. and Amer, M. M. (1981). 'Composition of cocoa shell fat as related to cocoa butter.' Z Ernahrungswiss 20: 145-151. Eteng, M. U., Eyong, E. U., Akpanyung, E. O., Agiang, M. A. and Aremu, C. Y. (1997). 'Recent advances in caffeine and theobromine toxicities: a review.' Plant Foods for Human Nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands) 51: 231-243. Fallarini, S., Miglio, G., Paoletti, T., Minassi, A., Amoruso, A., Bardelli, C., Brunelleschi, S. and Lombardi, G. (2009). 'Clovamide and rosmarinic acid induce neuroprotective effects in in vitro models of neuronal death.' British Journal of Pharmacology 157: 1072-1084. FAO (2003). Medium-term Prospects for Agricultural Commodities. Projections to the Year 2010, FAO. Flammer, A. J., Hermann, F., Sudano, I., Spieker, L., Hermann, M., Cooper, K. A., Serafini, M., Luscher, T. F., Ruschitzka, F., Noll, G. and Corti, R. (2007). 'Dark Chocolate Improves Coronary Vasomotion and Reduces Platelet Reactivity.' Circulation 116: 2376-2382. Foubert, I. (2003). Modelling isothermal cocoa butter crystallization: influence of temperature and chemical composition. Gent University Ph.D Thesis. Gent, Belgian. Gilabert-Escriva, M. V., Goncalves, L. A. G., Silva, C. R. S. and Figueira, A. (2002). 'Fatty acid and triacylglycerol composition and thermal behaviour of fats from seeds of Brazilian AmazonianTheobroma species.' Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 82: 1425-1431. Goto, M., Kodali, D. R., Small, D. M., Honda, K., Kozawa, K. and Uchida, T. (1992). 'Single crystal structure of a mixed-chain triacylglycerol: 1, 2-dipalmitoyl-3-acetyl-sn-glycerol.' Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 89: 8083-8083. Gu, L., Kelm, M., Hammerstone, J. F., Beecher, G., Cunningham, D., Vannozzi, S. and Prior, R. L. (2002). 'Fractionation of polymeric procyanidins from lowbush blueberry and quantification of procyanidins in selected foods with an optimized normal-phase HPLC-MS fluorescent detection method.' Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 50: 4852-4860. Gurney, K. A., Evans, L. V. and Robinson, D. S. (1991). 'Extraction of purine alkaloids from cocoa tissues and determination by high-performance liquid chromatography.' Phytochemical Analysis 2: 15-19. Hammerstone, J. F., Lazarus, S. A., Mitchell, A. E., Rucker, R. and Schmitz, H. H. (1999). 'Identification of procyanidins in cocoa (Theobroma cacao) and chocolate using high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry.' Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 47: 490-496. Hansen, C. E., Olmo, M. d. and Burri, C. (1998). 'Enzyme activities in cocoa beans during fermentation.' Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 77: 273-281. Hermann, F., Spieker, L. E., Ruschitzka, F., Sudano, I., Hermann, M., Binggeli, C., Lüscher, T. F., Riesen, W., Noll, G. and Corti, R. (2006). 'Dark chocolate improves endothelial and platelet function.' Heart 92: 119-120. Howat, G. R., Powell, B. D. and Wood, G. A. R. (1957). 'Experiments on cocoa fermentation in West Africa.' Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 8: 65-72. ICCO (2009). 'ICCO Quarterly Bulletin of Cocoa Statistics.' Cocoa Year 15. Keen, C. L., Holt, R. R., Oteiza, P. I., Fraga, C. G. and Schmitz, H. H. (2005). 'Cocoa antioxidants and cardiovascular health.' American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 81: 298-303. Kim, H. and Keeney, P. G. (1984). '(-)-Epicatechin Content in Fermented and Unfermented Cocoa Beans.' Journal of Food Science 49: 1090-1092. Klagge, P. and Gupta, A. K. S. (1990). 'Kakaobutter und ihre Alternativen fir Schokoladenprodukte.' Fat Science Technology 92: 485-492. Knapp, A. W. (1923). Cocoa And Chocolate, Plain Label Books. Knapp, A. W. and Coward, K. H. (1935). 'The vitamin D activity of cacao shell.' Biochemical Journal 29: 2728-2735. Langevelde, A., Malssen, K., Peschar, R. and Schenk, H. (2001). 'Effect of temperature on recrystallization behavior of cocoa butter.' Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 78: 919-925. Larsson, K. (1966). 'Classification of glyceride crystal forms.' Acta Chemica Scandinavica 20: 2255-2260. Lee, H. J., Lee, K. W., Kang, K. S., Kim, D. Y., Park, H. H., Lee, M. J., Kim, H. S. and Kwon, I. B. (2004). 'Theobromine with an anti-carcinogenic activity.' USA patent, US 6693104. Lehrian, D. W., Keeney, P. G. and Butler, D. R. (1980). 'Triglyceride characteristics of cocoa butter from cacao fruit matured in a microclimate of elevated temperature1.' Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society 57: 66-69. Lipp, M. and Anklam, E. (1998). 'Review of cocoa butter and alternative fats for use in chocolate–Part A. Compositional data.' Food Chemistry 62: 73-97. Martín-Cabrejas, M. A., Valiente, C., Esteban, R. M., Mollá, E. and Waldron, K. (1994). 'Cocoa Hull: A Potential Source of Dietary Fibre.' Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 66: 307-311. McNeil, C. L., Chase, D. Z. and Chase., A. F. (2006). Chocolate in Mesoamerica: A Cultural History of Cacao. Gainesville, University Press of Florida. Meyer, A., Ngiruwonsanga, T. and Henze, G. n. (1996). 'Determination of adenine, caffeine, theophylline and theobromine by HPLC with amperometric detection.' Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 356: 284-287. Miller, K. B., Hurst, W. J., Payne, M. J., Stuart, D. A., Apgar, J., Sweigart, D. S. and Ou, B. (2008). 'Impact of Alkalization on the Antioxidant and Flavanol Content of Commercial Cocoa Powders.' Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 56: 8527-8533. Minifie, B. W. (1989). Chocolate, Cocoa, and Confectionery: Science and Technology, Springer. Misnawi, Jinap, S., Jamilah, B. and Nazamid, S. (2003). 'Effects of incubation and polyphenol oxidase enrichment on colour, fermentation index, procyanidins and astringency of unfermented and partly fermented cocoa beans.' International Journal of Food Science and Technology 38: 285-295. Osakabe, N., Yamagishi, M., Sanbongi, C., Natsume, M., Takizawa, T. and Osawa, T. (1998). 'The antioxidative substances in cacao liquor.' Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology 44: 313-321. Osman, H., Usta, I. M., Rubeiz, N., Abu-Rustum, R., Charara, I. and Nassar, A. H. (2008). 'Cocoa butter lotion for prevention of striae gravidarum: a double-blind, randomised and placebo-controlled trial.' International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 115: 1138-1142. Pettipher, G. L. (1986). 'Analysis of cocoa pulp and the formulation of a standardised artificial cocoa pulp medium.' Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 37: 297-309. Porter, L. J., Ma, Z. and Chan, B. G. (1991). 'Cacao procyanidins: major flavanoids and identification of some minor metabolites.' Phytochemistry 30: 1657-1663. Prescott, W. H. (1834). The Conquest of Mexico. London, Routledge. Reed, C. F. (1976). Information Summaries On 1000 Economic Plants, Typescripts submitted to the USDA. Rein, D., Paglieroni, T. G., Wun, T., Pearson, D. A., Schmitz, H. H., Gosselin, R. and Keen, C. L. (2000). 'Cocoa inhibits platelet activation and function.' American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 72: 30-35. Risner, C. H. (2008). 'Simultaneous Determination of Theobromine, (+)-Catechin, Caffeine, and (-)-Epicatechin in Standard Reference Material Baking Chocolate 2384, Cocoa, Cocoa Beans, and Cocoa Butter.' Journal of Chromatographic Science 46: 892-899. Sabelli, H. C. and Javaid, J. I. (1995). 'Phenylethylamine modulation of affect: therapeutic and diagnostic implications.' Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 7: 6-14. Sato, K. (2001). 'Crystallization behaviour of fats and lipids -- a review.' Chemical Engineering Science 56: 2255-2265. Sato, K. and Kuroda, T. (1987). 'Kinetics of melt crystallization and transformation of tripalmitin polymorphs.' Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society 64: 124-127. Scheindlin, S. (2007). 'A new look at the xanthine alkaloids.' Molecular Interventions 7: 236-242. Schlichter-Aronhime, J. and Garti, N. (1988). Solidification and Polymorphism in Cocoa Butter and the Blooming Problems. Crystallization and polymorphism of fats and fatty acids. Garti, N., Sato, K. New York, Marcel Dekker Inc. pp. 363-393. Schlichter-Aronhime, J., Sarig, S. and Garti, N. (1988). 'Reconsideration of polymorphic transformations in cocoa butter using the DSC.' Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society 65: 1140-1143. Shukla, V. K. S. (1995). 'Cocoa butter properties and quality.' Lipid Technology 7: 54-57. Singleton, V. L., Orthofer, R. and Lamuela-Raventós, R. M. (1999). Analysis of Total Phenols and Other Oxidation Substrates and Antioxidants by Means of Folin-Ciocalteu Reagent. Lester, P., Academic Press. 299: 152-178. Spencer, J. P. E., Schroeter, H., Rechner, A. R. and Rice-Evans, C. (2001). 'Bioavailability of Flavan-3-ols and Procyanidins: Gastrointestinal Tract Influences and Their Relevance to Bioactive Forms In Vivo.' Antioxidants and Redox Signaling 3: 1023-1039. Stapley, A. G. F., Tewkesbury, H. and Fryer, P. J. (1999). 'The effects of shear and temperature history on the crystallization of chocolate.' Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 76: 677-685. Steinberg, F. M., Bearden, M. M. and Keen, C. L. (2003). 'Cocoa and chocolate flavonoids: implications for cardiovascular health.' Journal of the American Dietetic Association 103: 215-223. Taubert, D., Roesen, R., Lehmann, C., Jung, N. and Schomig, E. (2007). 'Effects of Low Habitual Cocoa Intake on Blood Pressure and Bioactive Nitric Oxide: A Randomized Controlled Trial.' Journal of the American Medical Association 298: 49-60. Ter Laak, W., Verdegem, P. J. E. and Raggers, R. J. (2004). 'Composition comprising cocoa.' USA patent, US 10/608095. Timbie, D. J., Sechrist, L. and Keeney, P. G. (1978). 'Application of high-pressure liquid chromatography to the study of variables affecting theobromine and caffeine concentrations in cocoa beans.' Journal of Food Science 43: 560-565. Timms, R. E. (1984). 'Phase behaviour of fats and their mixtures.' Progress in Lipid Research 23: 1-38. Tsang, C., Auger, C., Mullen, W., Bornet, A. l., Rouanet, J.-M., Crozier, A. and Teissedre, P.-L. (2005). 'The absorption, metabolism and excretion of flavan-3-ols and procyanidins following the ingestion of a grape seed extract by rats.' British Journal of Nutrition 94: 170-181. Usmani, O. S., Belvisi, M. G., Patel, H. J., Crispino, N., Birrell, M. A., Korbonits, M., Korbonits, D. and Barnes, P. J. (2004). 'Theobromine inhibits sensory nerve activation and cough.' Journal of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology: 231-233. Vaeck, S. (1960). 'Cocoa butter and fat bloom.' The Manufacturing Confectioner 40: 35-74. Valiente, C., Esteban, R. M., Molla, E. and Lopez-Andreu, F. J. (1994). 'Roasting effects on dietary fiber composition of cocoa beans.' Journal of Food Science 59: 123-124. Van Malssen, K., Langevelde, A., Peschar, R. and Schenk, H. (1999). 'Phase behavior and extended phase scheme of static cocoa butter investigated with real-time X-ray powder diffraction.' Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 76: 669-676. Van Malssen, K., Peschar, R., Brito, C. and Schenk, H. (1996). 'Real-time X-ray powder diffraction investigations on cocoa butter. III. Direct β-crystallization of cocoa butter: Occurrence of a memory effect.' Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society 73: 1225-1230. Wadsworth, R. V. and Howat, G. R. (1954). 'Cocoa Fermentation.' Nature 174: 392-394. Wille, R. L. and Lutton, E. S. (1966). 'Polymorphism of cocoa butter.' Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society 43: 491-496. Wollgast, J. and Anklam, E. (2000). 'Review on polyphenols in Theobroma cacao: changes in composition during the manufacture of chocolate and methodology for identification and quantification.' Food Research International 33: 423-447. Zoumas, B. L., Kreiser, W. R. and Martin, R. (1980). 'Theobromine and caffeine content of chocolate products.' Journal of Food Science 45: 314-316. | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/10269 | - |
dc.description.abstract | 本論文研究以可可(Theobroma cacao L.)的加工為主軸,探討新鮮可可豆之發酵條件、發酵可可豆中特定化學成分之定量,與可可脂的結晶性質。研究分為三個部分,分述如下:
一、可可豆小量發酵最適條件之探討:以產自台灣的新鮮可可豆進行小量發酵,固定溫度、濕度及翻攪頻率,探討發酵期間需氧量與發酵品質之關係。分為好氣發酵(aerobic fermentation)與兼性厭氣發酵(facultative-anaerobic fermentation)兩種方式進行。結果兼性厭氣發酵之可可豆氣味、色澤等品質均較好氣發酵之可可豆良好,因此,兼性厭氣發酵被認為是小量發酵適合的方式,並確定厭氣程度對可可豆發酵有重要的影響。 二、台灣可可與外國可可的成分、化性之比較:產自台灣屏東的發酵可可豆以及農民提供之現成可可脂(CB)與可可粉(CP),和購自越南與馬來西亞的發酵可可豆商品,經榨油與研磨取得之CB與CP,三個不同產地之加工原料(CB、CP)和副產物可可豆殼(CS)分別進行油脂性質及組成分析及機能性成分分析。台灣CB之酸價與過氧化價略高,但仍在可接受之範圍;脂肪酸與三酸甘油酯(TAG)之組成整體而言,無明顯差異,惟台灣CB的不飽和脂肪酸及雙不飽和TAG略高。CP中可可鹼含量:馬來西亞 > 越南 > 台灣,在CS中則有相反的趨勢。CP中咖啡因含量無顯著差異,在CS中:越南 > 馬來西亞 > 台灣,但含量都很低。CP中總多酚含量:越南 > 馬來西亞 > 台灣,CS中總多酚含量均偏低(< 8 GAE g/kg)。台灣CP中,生物可利用率較高的原花青素(n ≦ 3)比例是三產地中最高。 三、可可脂調溫條件與油脂結晶變化之關係:利用DSC(differential scanning calorimetry)以台灣可可脂為樣品進行不同調溫程序與油脂結晶型態變化之分析。確定調溫確實為促進CB生成β晶型之有效方式;調溫之維持溫度、降溫速率以及升降溫次數都對β型結晶的生成有所影響。調溫之維持溫度可隨升降溫次數微調,剛開始結晶溫度以22℃為佳;降溫速率不可過快或過慢,以1 ℃/min較合適;調溫之升降溫次數越多,β型結晶之比例越高。 | zh_TW |
dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2021-05-20T21:15:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ntu-100-R97623028-1.pdf: 2701752 bytes, checksum: 57fd7a3323484ee8464e009bbc9d19d8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 | en |
dc.description.tableofcontents | 摘要.......................................................I
Abstract.................................................III 目錄.......................................................V 圖目錄....................................................IX 表目錄...................................................XII 第一章、 前言.............................................1 第二章、 文獻回顧.........................................2 第一節、 巧克力原料─可可.................................2 一、 發展歷史與產地..................................2 二、 植株特徵........................................4 三、 果肉、子葉與種皮之一般成分......................6 四、 可可脂..........................................7 (一) 油脂結晶與同質多晶性......................8 (二) 可可脂之化學組成與性質...................10 (三) 可可脂之物理性質.........................13 (四) 可可脂之應用.............................18 (五) 可可脂與可可豆殼脂之比較.................18 五、 可可中的機能性成分.............................20 (一) 生物鹼...................................20 (二) 多酚.....................................22 第二節、 可可的加工......................................28 一、 由莢果到巧克力工業原料之過程....................28 (一) 發酵與乾燥..............................29 (二) 焙烤....................................32 (三) 可可碎粒加工............................33 (四) 鹼處理..................................34 二、 巧克力產品製作之流程............................35 (一) 配方....................................35 (二) 混合與精煉..............................38 (三) 調溫....................................39 第三章、 材料與方法 .....................................42 第一節、 試驗大綱........................................42 第二節、 試驗材料........................................43 第三節、 試驗儀器........................................45 第四節、 試驗方法........................................46 一、 可可豆小量發酵最適條件之探討...................46 (一) 新鮮可可豆前處理........................46 (二) 可可豆小量發酵..........................46 1. 好氣發酵..............................47 2. 兼性厭氣發酵..........................47 (三) 乾燥....................................47 二、 台灣可可與外國可可的成分、化性之比較...........49 (一) 可可脂之化學性質.........................49 1. 油脂基本性質..........................49 2. 可可脂淨化............................51 3. 脂肪酸組成............................51 4. 三酸甘油酯組成........................52 (二) 可可粉之機能性成分分析...................53 1. 可可粉前處理..........................53 2. 生物鹼含量............................53 3. 總多酚含量............................54 4. 原花青素組成..........................55 (三) 可可豆殼之機能性成分分析.................56 三、 可可脂調溫條件與油脂結晶變化之關係.............58 第四章、 結果與討論......................................59 第一節、 小量發酵條件之探討..............................59 一、 發酵過程之比較.................................59 二、 發酵可可豆之比較...............................62 第二節、 台灣可可與外國可可之比較........................62 一、 可可脂化學性質之比較...........................62 (一) 油脂基本性質.............................62 (二) 脂肪酸組成...............................66 (三) 三酸甘油酯組成...........................70 二、 可可粉中機能性成分之比較.......................74 (一) 生物鹼含量...............................74 (二) 總多酚含量...............................77 (三) 原花青素組成.............................79 三、 可可豆殼中機能性成分之比較.....................83 (一) 生物鹼含量...............................83 (二) 總多酚含量...............................85 第三節、 可可脂調溫條件與結晶變化之關係.................87 一、 建立β型結晶形成之溫度模式......................87 二、 降溫速率對β型結晶之影響........................91 三、 維持溫度對β型結晶之影響......................95 四、 調溫次數對β型結晶之影響........................98 五、 調溫與否對可可脂之影響.......................98 第五章、 結論...........................................102 第六章、 參考文獻.......................................104 | |
dc.language.iso | zh-TW | |
dc.title | 巧克力原料之研究—從可可莢果到可可粉及可可脂 | zh_TW |
dc.title | Studies on the Preparation of Raw Materials for Chocolate Making – from Cacao Pod to Cocoa Powder and Butter | en |
dc.type | Thesis | |
dc.date.schoolyear | 99-1 | |
dc.description.degree | 碩士 | |
dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 李敏雄,鍾仁賜,施坤河,林冠宇 | |
dc.subject.keyword | 可可,可可豆,可可粉,可可脂,發酵,調溫, | zh_TW |
dc.subject.keyword | Theobroma cacao L.,cacao bean,cocoa powder,cocoa butter,fermentation,tempering, | en |
dc.relation.page | 112 | |
dc.rights.note | 同意授權(全球公開) | |
dc.date.accepted | 2011-01-29 | |
dc.contributor.author-college | 生物資源暨農學院 | zh_TW |
dc.contributor.author-dept | 農業化學研究所 | zh_TW |
Appears in Collections: | 農業化學系 |
Files in This Item:
File | Size | Format | |
---|---|---|---|
ntu-100-1.pdf | 2.64 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
Items in DSpace are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.