《人民日報》中的戰狼詞彙（1978－2024）

Abstract

習近平上任後，中國在外交場合一改自改革開放後開啟的韜光養晦作風。面對來自西方國家的批評指控，中國開始以強硬、具攻擊性的話語反擊，因而被外媒稱為「戰狼外交」。本文認為，這種攻擊性的話語使用，自中共建政就已存在，惟此強硬回擊策略在習時期被冠上戰狼的名稱。檢視近年對戰狼外交的相關研究，多聚焦於促成此一外交政策轉向的動機探討，較少從中共對內政治宣傳的角度進行系統性分析。本文即以《人民日報》為資料來源，透過文字探勘結合話語批判分析，探討改革開放後的《人民日報》，如何運用戰狼語彙進行政治宣傳。 研究發現，戰狼宣傳的出現與重大國際事件及中國內外政經環境消長高度連動。在敘事策略的使用上，《人民日報》透過戰狼宣傳建構敵我形象、污名化西方普世價值、煽動民族主義。本文認為，戰狼宣傳本身即是一套高度制度化的意識形態工具，背後核心目的，在於強化中國人民對中共的政治認同，將內部治理壓力轉嫁外國，進而鞏固中共政權的統治權力與合法性。

Since Xi Jinping took power, China has abandoned its “Taoguang Yanghui” approach in diplomatic setting. Confronted with criticism and accusations from Western world, China adopted a tough and aggressive rhetorical stance, leading Western media to label this approach “Wolf-Warrior Diplomacy.” This article argues that the use of such aggressive rhetoric has existed since the founding of the People's Republic of China, but this counter-attack strategy has been given the name "Wolf-Warrior" during Xi’s era. Recent studies on Wolf-Warrior Diplomacy show that most scholarship has focused on the motivations driving this shift in China's foreign policy, while comparatively little attention has been paid to systematic analysis from the perspective of the Chinese Communist Party’s internal propaganda. Using People’s Daily as the data source, this article integrates text mining with critical discourse analysis to investigate how, since the Reform and Opening-up era, People’s Daily has employed Wolf-Warrior rhetoric as a tool of political propaganda. The findings indicate that the rise of Wolf-Warrior propaganda is highly correlated with major international events and changes in China’s internal and external political-economic conditions. In terms of narrative strategy, People’s Daily employs Wolf-Warrior propaganda to delineate friend–enemy boundaries, delegitimize Western values, and incite domestic nationalism. This article argues that Wolf-Warrior propaganda functions as a highly institutionalized ideological instrument aimed at reinforcing popular political identification with the Chinese Communist Party, externalizing internal governance pressures, and ultimately shoring up the Party’s authority and legitimacy.