基於暗房實驗之標線績效模型建構與成本效益分析

Abstract

在近期重大交通事件頻繁發生的背景下，臺灣政府對於交通安全議題的重視亦逐漸升高，而主要政策推動的重點集中於交通法規的修訂與道路線型的調整，在道路基礎設施中，道路標線亦在維護行車安全中以其反光與抗滑性能扮演關鍵角色。標線之反光性能主要影響用路人標線辨識，抗滑性能則為兩輪車用路人較為影響，但兩者難以兼顧。國內針對於同時滿足標線反光與抗滑性能之研究雖然近期已有成果。然而此些研究以標線在乾燥狀態下之反光性能為主要探討重點，對於潮濕狀態下的反光表現與用路人實際所需之反光性能值則較缺乏明確的探討與分析。此外該材料也較無針對不同種類玻璃珠進行相關探討。 本研究先透過標線外撒實驗進行不同外撒材料與其外撒重量的性能檢測，在檢測其數據後，發現本次實驗中以280克玻璃珠混合140克抗滑骨材混合之外撒材料能提供最佳性能，長期而言，反光RL值在R4(≥200mcd/m2/lx)等級以上，濕反光在RW5 (≥100mcd/m2/lx)等級以上，抗滑值皆可維持在S5(≥65)等級以上。 檢測結束後則利用繪設試片進行標線辨識暗房實驗，透過本研究與廠商合作所建置之限制光源僅有車燈的暗房，邀請53位受測者進行不同乾反光與濕反光值之觀測實驗，透過60歲以上受測者結果，建議白色標線維護標準為乾反光RL值100mcd/m2/lx(R2等級)與濕反光值35mcd/m2/lx(RW2等級)。最後線上發放問卷詢問針對於不同天候之標線清晰度與防滑重要性。將其結果與暗房實驗結果與整合標線績效模型，進行不同外撒材料之成本效益評估，其中除了在日間乾燥環境為玻璃碎有最高的成本效益，其餘天候條件下皆為以170克玻璃珠混合170克抗滑骨材混合之外撒材料能提供最佳成本效益。此外在大部分天候環境下，雙效標線其成本效益皆高於玻璃碎材料，顯示雖然雙效標線材料成本較高，但其整體績效優勢足以彌補成本差異，具備更佳的實務應用潛力。

Due to the recent surge in major traffic incidents, the Taiwanese government has increasingly emphasized the importance of traffic safety. The current policies have primarily focused on revising traffic regulations and adjusting road alignments. Among road infrastructure elements, road markings also play a key role in ensuring driving safety through their retroreflective and skid-resistant properties. While retroreflectivity primarily aids drivers in line recognition, skid resistance is especially critical for two-wheeled vehicle drivers. However, these two performance aspects are often difficult to balance. Although recent domestic studies have made progress in developing materials that fulfill both retroreflective and skid-resistant requirements, most have focused on dry-condition retroreflectivity, with limited analysis of wet-condition retroreflectivity and the actual retroreflectivity needs of drivers. Furthermore, few studies have investigated the effects of different types of glass beads on these properties. This study first conducted an experimental application of road marking materials, evaluating various combinations of glass bead types and anti-skid aggregate and spreading rates. Performance testing revealed that the optimal result was achieved using a mixture of 280 grams of glass beads and 140 grams of anti-skid material. Over time, this configuration maintained a retroreflectivity (RL) above the R4 level (≥ 200 mcd/m²/lx), wet retroreflectivity (RLwet) above RW5 (≥ 100 mcd/m²/lx), and skid resistance above S5 (≥ 65 BPN). Subsequently, a darkroom visibility experiment was carried out. The test was conducted in a custom-designed environment developed in collaboration with industry partners, where the only light source simulated vehicle headlights. A total of 53 participants evaluated markings with various RL and RLwet values. Based on the results by participants aged 60 and above, it is recommended that the maintenance standards for white road markings be set at RL ≥ 100 mcd/m²/lx (R2 level) and RLwet ≥ 35 mcd/m²/lx (RW2 level). Finally, an online questionnaire was distributed to collect public perceptions regarding the importance of marking visibility and skid resistance under different weather conditions. These results were integrated with the darkroom findings to develop a comprehensive pavement marking performance model. A cost-effectiveness evaluation of different bead-aggregate combinations revealed that, aside from daytime dry conditions where crushed glass showed the best cost-effectiveness, the mixture of 170 grams of glass beads and 170 grams of anti-skid material offered superior performance in all other scenarios. Moreover, under most weather conditions, dual-performance markings consistently outperformed crushed glass in terms of cost-effectiveness. This indicates that despite their higher material costs, dual-performance markings provide superior overall performance, making them a more practical and sustainable solution for real-world applications.