小型電動曳引機開發

Abstract

目前，農業上大多使用柴油曳引機為主。然而，若能將曳引機電動化，不僅可以降低碳排放，也能使操作者的使用環境更加安靜。因此，本研究將KAMCO的Tera Trac配備MTM開發之72V BLDC主馬達，並搭配72V驅動器（VT01-PCU），同時串聯兩個36V、120Ah的電池作為總電源輸出，使其實現該曳引機的電動化。 齒輪泵浦作為電動曳引機的核心零件，本研究分別使用型號P225與P206定量齒輪泵浦(Kompass)。在實驗過程中，在出口端接上油壓表來量測管內壓力，並根據測量結果計算出吸入端的壓力。使用的油品為10w40，並依據Antoine方程式推算出20°C至70°C之間的飽和蒸汽壓。實驗結果顯示，P225型齒輪泵浦在吸入端的壓力在25°C之後持續低於10w40油品的飽和蒸汽壓，從而引發了氣蝕現象並產生劇烈噪音。相對而言，P206型齒輪泵浦的吸入端壓力在20°C至70°C範圍內均高於該油品的飽和蒸汽壓，因此未出現氣蝕現象。 在馬達性能測試了該曳引機分別在耕耘深度10和16公分且烏龜一檔至兔子一檔下的轉速、電壓、電流。本研究相較於Ueka et al.在10kW馬達、耕耘深度18公分的旱田下，平均功耗為7.2kW，效率為72%；本研究使用之馬達在耕耘深度16公分的旱田，平均功耗約6kW，效率達80%。經比較，本研究馬達效率更高。在續航力方面，Ueka et al.於1.08 km/h行駛速度、耕耘深度10公分的情況下能持續作業約一小時，而本研究在各檔位下提供了更長的作業時間，在農用電動曳引機的作業上更有優勢。

Currently, diesel tractors are predominantly used in agriculture. However, if tractors were electrified, it would not only reduce carbon emissions but also provide a quieter operating environment for the operators. Therefore, this study equips KAMCO's Tera Trac with a 72V BLDC main motor developed by MTM, paired with a 72V driver (VT01-PCU), and connects two 36V, 120Ah batteries in series to provide total power output, thereby achieving the electrification of the tractor. The gear pump, as the core component of the electric tractor, uses the P225 and P206 gear pumps (Kompass) in this study. During the experiment, a pressure gauge was connected to the outlet to measure the internal pressure of the pipe, and the pressure at the inlet was calculated based on the measurement results. The oil used was 10w40, and the saturated vapor pressure from 20°C to 70°C was calculated using the Antoine equation. The experimental results showed that the pressure at the inlet of the P225 gear pump remained below the saturated vapor pressure of the 10w40 oil after 25°C, leading to cavitation and producing loud noise. In contrast, the pressure at the inlet of the P206 gear pump remained above the saturated vapor pressure of the oil from 20°C to 70°C, preventing cavitation. In the motor performance tests, the tractor's speed, voltage, and current were measured at tilling depths of 10 and 16 cm and gears 1 to 3. Compared to Ueka et al.'s study with a 10kW motor at a tilling depth of 18 cm in dry fields, where the average power consumption was 7.2kW and efficiency was 72%, the motor used in this study consumed about 6kW with an efficiency of 80% at a 16 cm tilling depth in dry fields. When compared, the motor in this study demonstrated higher.