蒸氣爆碎製漿用於溶解級紙漿之應用

Abstract

本研究旨在探討以柳杉鹼性蒸汽預處理漿應用於製備溶解漿之可行性。木片經由亞硫酸鹽法 (K)、1%酸性蒸汽爆破 (A)、2 %鹼性蒸汽爆破 (B2)、4%鹼性蒸汽爆破 (B4)等不同預處理方法，進行後續蒸煮 (C)與三段漂白 (H₁E₁、H₂E₂、H₃E₃)處理，分析其對黏度、白度、分子量與木質素去除率之影響。研究結果顯示，酸蒸爆A組雖處理條件激烈，但E₁階段殘留木質素仍高 (NaClO可溶物達13.8%)，白度僅提升至27.5%，顯示須增加藥品使用量或漂白段數以達製漿要求；相較之下，B2C、B₄、B₄C組在E₂階段已具備優異脫木質素效果，木質素含量低於1%。在E3階段B₄、B₄C且白度可達到89.1%與90.8%，且黏度可維持在13.1 cP 與12.8 cP，符合溶解級紙漿之標準。相較傳統亞硫酸鹽紙漿工藝有更高之白度 (83.9%)與黏度 (10.3 cP)，顯示預處理條件能有效地提升白度與去木質素效率，且控制對纖維素主鏈的降解風險。GPC與化學組成分析顯示，B₄與B₄C之PDI值分別為4.2與3.5，較其他組別分布更集中，半纖維素含量可以控制在7-8%，代表纖維具良好均質性與應用潛力；相較下，未經前處理之SP 組纖維殘留半纖維素較高、黏度與白度提升有限，需經鹼或氨氣處理才可將牛皮紙級漿轉化為溶解即漿。同時，傳統亞硫酸鹽紙漿工藝預處理時間最長 (170℃, 3 hr )，為各預處理方法中，最不具環保效益之選項。綜合上述，柳杉經適當之鹼性蒸爆搭配低溫蒸煮與分段漂白，可在較低的能耗下，製備具高白度、低雜質且黏度與分子量適宜之溶解級紙漿，顯示國產材具發展再生纖維應用之潛能，有助於實現低碳永續及紡織產業原料本地化之目標。

This study evaluated alkaline steam-pretreated Japanese Cedar for dissolving pulp production. Wood chips underwent various pretreatment methods, followed by cooking (C) and a three-stage bleaching process (H₁E₁, H₂E₂, H₃E₃). To assess their effects on pulp viscosity, brightness, molecular weight, and lignin removal efficiency. Acid-pretreated A group showed poor delignification and low brightness (27.5%) after E₁, groups B₂C, B₄, and B₄C achieved lignin contents <1% by E₂ and high brightness (up to 90.8%) by E₃, with viscosities meeting dissolving-grade standards (≥12.8 cP). Compared to kraft pulp (83.9% brightness, 10.3 cP), these alkaline steam-pretreatments enhanced delignification and brightness while preserving cellulose integrity. GPC and chemical analysis showed 4% alkaline treated SEP had PDI values of 4.2 and 3.5, indicating narrower molecular weight distributions. Hemicellulose content was maintained at 7–8%, ensuring fiber homogeneity. In contrast, un-pretreated SP retained more hemicellulose and required further treatment to reach dissolving-grade quality. The combination of alkaline steam explosion, low-temp cooking, and staged bleaching effectively produced high-brightness, low-impurity dissolving pulp from Japanese cedar. These results highlight the potential of domestic wood resources for regenerated fiber applications, supporting low-carbon sustainability and raw material localization in the textile industry.