從國立臺灣大學植物標本館典藏之標本 檢視20世紀初期海南島植物探索史

Abstract

臺灣大學植物標本館 (TAI) 之海南島植物標本包含來自森林系標本館 (NTUF)的藏品，總計6000多份標本，其中亦包含珍貴的模式標本與引證標本。海南島館藏可分成1908年以前零星外籍傳教士、外交官、博物學家的收藏，以及 1908-1945 年間歷經戰火洗禮的中日採集時代。本篇論文聚焦於 1908-1945 年間的海南島植物標本，採集人員包括美國學者莫古禮 (Floyd A. McClure) 與埃爾默·德魯·美林 (E. D. Merrill)、日籍學者，以及中國嶺南大學與中山農林大學之調查隊。本篇論文將對上述採集團隊之路徑與背景進行詮釋，建立資料庫以重塑海南島植物探索史，從保存的標本了解當代物種分布與多樣性。本篇論文整理臺大植物標本館之海南島標本館藏，共4775份標本分屬於194科849屬1514種。檢視其中館藏海南島模式標本共有164份分屬於62科。本研究期望藉由整理臺大植物標本館之海南島植物標本，探討標本採集者與收藏者的研究足跡與其重要性，了解前人的研究成果。俟日後從事熱帶島嶼植物研究的學者，可透過臺大植物標本館之海南島數位化藏品，進行植物地理學與物種演替的比較。

The TAI Herbarium of National Taiwan University, with its collections and those from the NTUF Herbarium of the School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, houses more than 6,000 plant specimens from Hainan Island, which include both type and general specimens. These collections span two major periods: pre-1908 collections by foreign missionaries, diplomats, and naturalists, and the 1908–1945 Sino-Japanese collection period marked by wartime challenges.

This study focuses on specimens collected between 1908 and 1945 by American botanists Floyd A. McClure and E. D. Merrill, Japanese researchers, and survey teams from Lingnan University and Sun Yat-sen University. It interprets the collecting routes and historical contexts of these expeditions, establishes a database to reconstruct the history of plant exploration on Hainan Island, and uses the preserved specimens to assess contemporary species distributions and diversity.

In total, the TAI Herbarium holds 4,775 Hainan Island specimens representing 194 families849 genera, and 1514 species. Among them, 164 are type specimens from 62 families. By documenting these specimens, this study highlights the contributions and significance of early collectors. It also provides a foundation for future research on tropical island botany, enabling comparative studies of plant biogeography and species succession through digitized collections.