水膠與飛灰/爐石複合材料作為水泥砂漿的自養護劑

Abstract

本研究旨在開發以複合水膠為基礎之內部養護與抗裂材料，並探討不同卜作嵐材料（飛灰與爐石）及水膠配方（台塑水膠與城乙水膠）對水泥砂漿性能之影響。研究中選用四組複合水膠配方（T1F3、C1F1、T1S2、C1S1），製備稠懸浮液並應用於水泥砂漿中，進行抗壓強度、吸水率、裂縫指數（C.I.）與礦物相分析（XRD），並透過傅立葉轉換紅外光譜（FT-IR）及掃描式電子顯微鏡（SEM）觀察其微觀結構特徵。

實驗結果顯示，複合水膠配方均可顯著提升水泥砂漿28天齡期抗壓強度，其添加台塑水膠0.1%、飛灰佔比20%的複合水膠T1F3的水泥砂漿強度最高達436.4kgf/cm2，並在不同鹽水濃度及陽離子環境下展現良好吸水性能與調控能力。FT-IR與SEM分析證實無機摻料與水膠間存在良好界面結合，台塑水膠0.1%、飛灰佔比20%的T1F3與台塑水膠0.1%、爐石佔比15%的T1S2展現出緻密均勻的微觀結構，對應於其優異的力學與吸水行為。圓盤裂縫實驗結果顯示，複合水膠於早期具顯著延緩收縮與裂縫生成之效果（C.I.=0）。此外，XRD結果驗證了複合水膠能促進C-S-H膠體生成，增強水泥膠結相穩定性。塗層實驗亦證實T1F3於水泥砂漿中具備良好抗濕功能，提升基材穩定性與耐久性。

綜合而言，本研究證實複合水膠材料T1F3具備多功能性，能有效改善水泥基材之內部養護、抗裂性能，促使結構穩定，對未來高性能混凝土與自養護工程應用具高度發展價值。

This study aims to develop composite hydrogel-based materials for internal curing and crack resistance, and to investigate the effects of different pozzolanic materials (fly ash and slag) and hydrogel formulations (Formosa hydrogel and Cheng Yi hydrogel) on the performance of cement mortar. Four composite hydrogel formulations (T1F3, C1F1, T1S2, and C1S1) were prepared as viscous suspensions and incorporated into cement mortar. A series of tests were conducted, including compressive strength, water absorption, crack index (C.I.), and mineralogical analysis using X-ray diffraction (XRD), as well as microstructural characterization via Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

The experimental results showed that all composite hydrogel formulations significantly enhanced the 28-day compressive strength of cement mortar. Notably, the T1F3 formulation—containing 0.1% Formosa hydrogel and 20% fly ash—achieved the highest strength of 436.4 kgf/cm². It also exhibited excellent water absorption capacity and regulation under varying salt concentrations and cationic environments. FT-IR and SEM analyses confirmed strong interfacial bonding between the inorganic additives and hydrogel. T1F3 and T1S2 (0.1% Formosa hydrogel with 15% slag) exhibited compact and homogeneous microstructures, correlating with their superior mechanical strength and absorption behavior. The ring shrinkage test further demonstrated that composite hydrogels effectively delayed early-age shrinkage and crack formation (C.I. = 0). Moreover, XRD analysis verified that the composite hydrogels promoted the formation of C–S–H gels, enhancing the stability of the cementitious matrix. The coating test also confirmed that T1F3 provided excellent moisture resistance within the cement mortar, thereby improving the substrate’s stability and durability.

In summary, this study confirms that the composite hydrogel formulation T1F3 possesses multifunctional capabilities, effectively enhancing internal curing and crack resistance of cement-based materials. It contributes to structural stability and holds significant potential for future applications in high-performance concrete and self-curing systems.