析氫反應的鉑基高效電催化劑：鉑鈷/氮摻雜多孔碳與鉑/硫化鎘奈米海膽

Abstract

鉑基電催化劑進行水裂解產氫由於其潔淨性與高效率而在永續能源技術中脫穎而出；然而，鉑的稀缺性與高昂成本成為應用上主要限制因素。為克服此問題，本研究設計了兩種電催化劑，透過將鉑分散於具先進奈米結構的不同載體上：（一）鉑鈷/氮摻雜多孔碳（PtCo/NPC），以及（二）鉑/硫化鎘奈米海膽（Pt/CdS NU）。在PtCo/NPC中，異原子摻雜賦予良好導電性，中空結構亦有助於質傳與高比表面積；在 Pt/CdS NU 中，鉑奈米粒子沉積於海膽尖刺上，有效暴露活性位點並防止團聚。在 0.5 M H2SO4（pH = 0）中的電化學測試顯示，Pt/CdS NU的過電位為 40.8 mV，而 PtCo/NPC 在 20.4 mV 處可達到相同電流密度，表現優於市售Pt/C（10 wt%）。恆電流測試進一步證實其操作穩定性：PtCo/NPC與Pt/CdS NU在10 mA·cm–2下連續操作50小時無明顯效能劣化，而過電位往低數值漂移可能發生了電解清洗現象。本研究展示了以氧化還原沉積法降低鉑用量，並同時保持高催化活性與穩定性的有效策略，為貴金屬電催化材料開發提供一個有效的策略。

Hydrogen production via water splitting using platinum electrocatalyst stands out among sustainable energy technologies due to its cleanliness and efficiency. However, the scarcity and exorbitant cost of platinum pose major limitations. To address this, two electrocatalysts with reduced platinum content were elaborated by dispersing platinum onto distinct support materials with advanced nanoarchitectures: (i) PtCo/N-doped porous carbon (PtCo/NPC), and (ii) Pt/CdS nanourchin (Pt/CdS NU). In PtCo/NPC, the hollow structure facilitates mass transfer and a large surface area, while heteroatom doping ensures good conductivity. For Pt/CdS NU, platinum nanoparticles are deposited on the spikes, effectively exposing active sites and preventing agglomeration. Electrochemical evaluation in 0.5 M H2SO4 (pH = 0) reveals that Pt/CdS NU exhibits an overpotential of 40.8 mV, while PtCo/NPC achieves the same current at 20.4 mV—surpassing commercial Pt/C (10 wt%). Chronopotentiometric tests show both PtCo/NPC and Pt/CdS NU have no performance degradation over 50 hours at 10 mA·cm–2, confirming excellent operational stability. This work demonstrates effective strategies using redox deposition to minimize platinum usage while maintaining high catalytic performance and stability.