《中國民間故事集成．四川卷》之漢族民間傳說研究

Abstract

在資訊科技蓬勃發展的現代，民間故事的傳承與傳播媒介更趨多元，這同時也加劇了民間故事情節的異變，繼而改變其內在文化意涵。針對中國民間故事情節流變，通過丁乃通與金榮華等人的故事類型索引與研究論著，可追溯其歷時性演變與地域性差異；至於民間故事中映射的民間文化意涵，則可考察民間故事所處之社會歷史背景，從敘事母題與人物塑造上進行探討。 本文選擇以《中國民間故事集成．四川卷》的漢族民間故事為研究對象，蓋因《中國民間故事集成》所蒐集的民間故事作品，為中國於1980年代在全國範圍內進行普查所得，採錄民間口傳資料，對保存中國民間文學深具貢獻。《中國民間故事集成》共30卷，本文選擇四川卷的漢族民間故事，則是因為其獨特的地理環境（群山環繞的盆地）以及其多元的信仰體系（佛、道教與鬼城幽冥信仰），形成了獨特的區域文化，值得深入探討。 本文通過對其中具有四川地域文化代表性的傳說之研究——「地方傳說」、「豐都鬼城傳說」與「三國蜀漢人物傳說」，探討民間故事作為文化載體的深層意義。本文共分為五章。首先，第一章闡明本文之研究動機、範圍與方法，通過文獻綜述釐清學術脈絡，界定關鍵術語，並規劃章節框架。第二章聚焦《集成．四川卷》的「地方傳說」，分析其所反映的四川自然地理特徵與地域認知。第三章專論「豐都鬼城傳說」，解析豐都當地獨特的鬼城信仰文化及其蘊含的生死觀與倫理價值。第四章以「三國蜀漢人物傳說」為核心，探討民間敘事對歷史人物，尤其是對諸葛亮的情感投射。最終章則綜合前述研究，揭示民間傳說的文化意涵。

This paper discuss about Han Chinese folk legends of Anthology of Chinese Folkloric Stories：Sichuan Volume (《中國民間故事集成．四川卷》). The first part of this paper will clarify the research motivation, scope, and methodology of this study. Through a literature review, it will delineate the academic context, define key terms, and outline the chapter framework. Chapter 2 will focus on the "Regional Folk Legends" (「地方傳說」) in Anthology of Chinese Folkloric Stories：Sichuan Volume, analyzing how they reflect the natural geographical characteristics and regional perceptions of Sichuan. Chapter 3 is dedicated to the "Folk Legends of Fengdu Ghost City," (「豐都鬼城傳說」) examining the unique ghost city belief culture of Fengdu and its underlying perspectives on life and death as well as ethical values. Chapter 4 centers on the "Folk Legends of Shu-Han Figures from the Three Kingdoms Period," (「三國蜀漢人物傳說」) exploring the emotional projection of historical figures (Zhuge Liang, 諸葛亮) in folk narratives. In the era of booming information technology, the transmission and dissemination of folktales have become increasingly diversified through multimedia channels. While this expands their reach, it also accelerates narrative variation, thereby transforming their inherent cultural meanings. To trace the diachronic evolution and regional differentiation of Chinese folktales, scholars may employ type-indexing systems pioneered by researchers like Nai-tung Ting (丁乃通) and Yung-Hua King (金荣华), whose catalogues enable systematic cross-temporal and cross-regional comparisons. Meanwhile, the socio-cultural implications embedded within these tales require examination through historic-contextual analysis, particularly via narrative motifs and character archetypes that reflect folk beliefs and collective memory. This study focuses on Han Chinese folktales from Anthology of Chinese Folkloric Stories as it is collected in China’s nationwide via general investigation during 1980s, adhering to rigorous fieldwork standards that preserved oral traditions with minimal editorial interference. Furthermore, Sichuan’s unique geographical setting—a basin encircled by mountains—and its syncretic belief systems (Buddhism, Daoism, and Fengdu’s Netherworld belief) fostered a narrative ecosystem where regional identity and spiritual cosmology intertwine.