矽酸鉀與叢枝菌根菌接種對花胡瓜生長與立枯病的防治效果

Abstract

花胡瓜 (Cucumis sativus L.) 為世界重要經濟作物，在栽培初期發生的花胡瓜立枯病 (Pythium aphanidermatum) 會讓植株萎凋、死亡，是苗期重要病害。目前可應用於田間之資材選項有限。根據前人研究，在水耕管理花胡瓜的營養液中，加入矽酸鉀可以有效減緩立枯病發病率及病徵，且對於植株產量及植株乾重都有顯著的提升效果，因此欲找出適合施用在田間之矽酸鉀施用濃度及確立其防治效果。在花胡瓜栽培過程中，常接種叢枝菌根菌 (Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, AMF) 作為促進其生長之生物肥料。在有害生物綜合管理 (Integrated Pest Management, IPM) 策略下，必須確認不同防治方式之間是否有交互作用及確立其整合運用方式。本試驗測試矽酸鉀不同稀釋倍數之溶液澆灌花胡瓜，結果發現在施用三次稀釋倍數500倍之矽酸鉀於接種叢枝菌根菌 (Claroideoglomus etunicatum) 之花胡瓜時，對於其土壤pH值和EC值沒有造成影響，且沒有降低叢枝菌根菌 (C. etunicatum) 之拓殖率，並且可顯著提升株高、SPAD值 (葉綠素相對含量指標) 、果實重量及果實總可溶性固形物 (Total Soluble Solids, TSS)。當稀釋倍數500倍之矽酸鉀搭配叢枝菌根菌 (C. etunicatum) 防治花胡瓜立枯病 (P. aphanidermatum) 時具有最好的防治效果，使罹病度下降50%，且病害進展最為緩慢，比單獨施用矽酸鉀或是單獨接種叢枝菌根菌 (C. etunicatum) 有更好的防治效果，可做為未來防治策略中的一環。

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is an important economic crop worldwide. During the early stages of cultivation, cucumber damping-off disease caused by Pythium aphanidermatum can lead to plant wilting and death, posing a serious threat during the seedling stage. Currently, there are limited material options to control this disease. According to previous studies, the addition of potassium silicate to the nutrient solution in hydroponic cucumber cultivation can effectively reduce the incidence and severity of damping-off disease, while significantly enhancing plant yield and dry weight. Therefore, this study aimed to determine a suitable field-application concentration of potassium silicate and to verify its disease control efficacy.During cucumber cultivation, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are commonly inoculated as biofertilizers to promote plant growth. Under an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategy, it is essential to evaluate potential interactions between different control measures and establish their integrated use. This study tested different dilutions of potassium silicate applied to cucumber plants. The results showed that applying 500-fold diluted potassium silicate three times to cucumber plants inoculated with Claroideoglomus etunicatum did not affect soil pH or EC values, nor did it reduce AMF colonization rates. Furthermore, it significantly increased plant height, SPAD value (an indicator of relative chlorophyll content), fruit weight, and total soluble solids (TSS).When 500-fold diluted potassium silicate was combined with C. etunicatum to manage cucumber damping-off disease (P. aphanidermatum), it achieved the best control effect, reducing disease severity by 50% and slowing disease progression. This combined treatment was more effective than using potassium silicate or AMF alone and can be considered a promising component of future disease management strategies.