蔓生自然：臺北市東南郊山生態公園的營造與維護

Abstract

自本世紀起，臺北市東南郊山開始出現多座自閒置或廢止公共設施轉化而成的生態公園，除顯示多種公共設施部署於此的區位考量外，亦代表郊山環境在都市中具有藍綠帶交界的環境特性，以及晚近強調自然生態景觀的都市政策趨勢。然而，針對生態公園的營造及維護機制較少相關討論。 有鑑於此，本研究以分佈於臺北市東南郊山的9座生態公園為對象，透過文本分析、參與式觀察、半結構式訪談及專家論壇等方法，探討都市邊陲郊山的公共設施建置及廢除的地理歷史條件，其所轉化而成的生態公園如何同時將既有的人造環境條件及多樣的價值觀納入營造考量，進而探討現行的公園維護機制在面對生態化的趨勢下可能產生的脫節及轉型可能。 研究結果顯示，臺北市東南郊山的環境特性及區位促使軍事設施、公墓及垃圾掩埋場等公共設施建置於此，又在都市擴張及政策轉向下逐漸走向遷移或廢除，並配合晚近強調生態保育與都市綠化的都市政策及景觀設計趨勢而轉為生態公園。其營造除了受到既有公共設施的人為擾動影響外，亦牽涉到生態、治理及使用者偏好等價值的相互協調，且需要考量與後續維護機制的配合。但現行維護機制側重於預防及修復的現況維持邏輯，不僅使生態化的營造手法難以落實，亦缺乏對公園生態環境變化的彈性化維護能力。相對而言，以公民參與為主的照顧（care）邏輯則具有因地制宜及隨機應變的特性，且出於對公園生態環境的關注更使其具備積極改善與營造的能動性。然而，在兩種維護邏輯於公園中並存的情況下，彼此之間同時具有衝突與合作的互動模式。 總結來說，本研究主張公園走向生態化的趨勢下，應加強其營造與維護之間的連結，並將生態公園視為需要持續投以關注及具有積極改造潛力之都市自然場域，促進自現況持續到照顧邏輯的維護機制轉型。

Since the beginning of the 21st century, multiple ecological parks have emerged in the southeastern peri-urban hills of Taipei, developed through the transformation of idle or decommissioned public facilities. This phenomenon not only reflects locational considerations underlying the deployment of various public infrastructures in the area but also highlights the unique environmental characteristics of peri-urban hills as transitional blue-green interfaces within the city, as well as the broader urban policy trend emphasizing natural ecological landscapes. However, discussions concerning the mechanisms of ecological park development and maintenance remain limited. In response, this study examines nine ecological parks located in the southeastern hills of Taipei through a combination of textual analysis, participatory observation, semi-structured interviews, and expert forums. It investigates the historical-geographical conditions under which public facilities were established and later dismantled in these peri-urban settings, and how these sites have been reconfigured as ecological parks through a process that integrates pre-existing built environments and diverse sets of values. Furthermore, it explores the potential disjunctions and transformative possibilities in the current park maintenance mechanisms under the increasing emphasis on ecological urbanism. The findings indicate that the environmental and locational characteristics of Taipei's southeastern hills historically attracted the siting of public facilities such as military installations, cemeteries, and landfills. With urban expansion and shifting policy priorities, these facilities have gradually been relocated or decommissioned, paving the way for their conversion into ecological parks in alignment with recent urban policies promoting ecological conservation and green urban landscapes. The development of these parks has been shaped not only by prior anthropogenic disturbances but also by the need to reconcile ecological goals, governance frameworks, and user preferences, all of which must be considered in relation to ongoing maintenance practices. The current maintenance mechanism emphasizes a status quo-oriented logic focused on prevention and repair. This approach hinders the implementation of ecological design strategies and lacks the flexibility to respond to dynamic ecological changes within park environments. In contrast, a care-based approach grounded in civic participation demonstrates greater adaptability and responsiveness to local conditions and shows a proactive agency in ecological stewardship motivated by sustained concern for the park's environmental quality. Nevertheless, the coexistence of these two maintenance logics—bureaucratic and participatory—gives rise to both conflicts and collaborative interactions within park governance. In conclusion, this study argues that in light of the ecological turn in urban park development, there is a need to strengthen the link between park construction and maintenance. Ecological parks should be regarded as dynamic urban nature spaces that require continuous attention and hold the potential for active ecological transformation, thus facilitating a shift from maintenance rooted in static preservation toward a care-based logic of adaptive and participatory management.