印尼青年農民收入影響因素之分析:YESS計畫評估

Abstract

本研究探討影響印尼青年農民收入的因素，特別聚焦於青年創業與就業支持服務計畫（Youth Entrepreneurship and Employment Support Services, 簡稱 YESS）。本研究使用來自印尼農業部的資料，涵蓋共 82,822 名 YESS 受益者，其中包括 1,867 名競爭型補助金獲得者與 80,955 名非獲得者。資料透過定量方法進行分析，包括描述性分析、t 檢定，以及 Heckman 雙階段選擇模型。描述性分析結果顯示，性別、教育程度、所屬農業子部門、原籍省份及加入計畫的年度皆對參與者收入的增加產生影響。實證分析第一階段的 Probit 模型指出，影響參與者獲得補助的主要因素包括：省份、性別、身心障礙狀況、教育程度、先前工作經驗、作為受益者時的收入，以及是否參與培訓與實習。在考量樣本選擇偏誤後，第二階段的分析發現：省份、身心障礙狀況、先前工作經驗、參與培訓、年齡，以及所獲補助金額等因素，對 YESS 補助金受領者的收入具有顯著影響。本研究結果可作為政策制定的重要參考依據。

This study investigates the factors influencing the income of young farmers in Indonesia, focusing on the Youth Entrepreneurship and Employment Support Services (YESS) program. Data from a total of 82,822 YESS beneficiaries, consisting of 1,867 competitive grant recipients and 80,955 non-recipients, was obtained from the Indonesian Ministry of Agriculture. The data was analyzed quantitatively using descriptive analysis, t-tests, and the Heckman two-stage selection model. The result from the descriptive analysis shows that gender, education, agricultural subsector, province of origin, and year of joining the program all have an impact on participants’ income increase. The probit model from the first stage of the empirical analysis revealed that participants more likely to receive grants were significantly influenced by variables such as province, gender, disabilities, education level, prior work experience, income as beneficiaries, also participation in training and internships. The second stage, after addressing the selection bias, highlighted the significance of province, disability, prior work experience, training participation, age, and the amount of grant received in influencing the income of YESS grant recipients, which could serve as a foundation for policy recommendations.