性愛成影－論我國妨害性隱私及不實性影像罪之現況

Abstract

近年來數位性別暴力事件（如私密性影像外流、深度偽造合成不實性影像）層出不窮，嚴重侵害被害人之性隱私權。我國於2023年增訂《刑法》第28章之1「妨害性隱私及不實性影像罪章」，專門規制攝錄、散布他人私密性影像以及製作、散布合成裸照等行為，增訂了未經他人同意攝錄性影像罪、以強制手段攝錄性影像罪、未經同意散布性影像罪及製作或散布不實性影像罪等四項罪名，期藉此強化被害人隱私權保障。本文以該新法制之適用現況與問題為研究對象。在研究方法上，透過比較我國現行法制與澳洲制度，並輔以實證檢討與理論分析，深入探討此類犯罪規制的現況成效與侷限。經過本文研究發現，現行法制在實務與理論層面皆存在多項缺陷，包括性影像之關鍵概念定義不夠明確、犯罪構成要件過於零散且疊床架屋、以及被害人救濟機制不足等，導致法律適用與被害人保護仍面臨困境。 有鑑於此，本文進一步提出數項政策與制度改革建議。首先，建議修正刑法相關規定，並參考澳洲法之經驗建立專責機構，以因應新興的網路性影像犯罪。其次，主張引入修復式司法機制，並強化我國「性影像處理中心（SIARC）」的法制基礎與運作效能，以健全數位性別暴力防制網絡。 最後，本文以性別敏感與被害人導向的視角切入，提出性私密影像法制改革的具體路徑，以供未來法制改革參考。

In recent years, incidents of digital gender-based violence, such as the non-consensual disclosure of intimate images and the creation or dissemination of deepfake sexual images, have proliferated, seriously infringing upon victims’ sexual privacy. In 2023, Taiwan amended the Criminal Code to introduce Chapter 28-1, entitled “Offense against Sexual Privacy and Synthetic Sexual Videos.”This new chapter specifically criminalizes acts of non-consensual recording, dissemination of private sexual images, and the creation or distribution of synthetic sexual content, and it establishes four new offenses: non-consensual recording of sexual images, coercive recording of sexual images, non-consensual dissemination of sexual images, and creation or dissemination of synthetic sexual videos. The primary aim is to strengthen the legal protection of victims’ privacy rights. This thesis focuses on examining the current application and practical challenges of this new legal framework. Methodologically, it adopts a comparative law approach between Taiwan’s current legal regime and Australia’s system, supplemented by empirical review and theoretical analysis. The research reveals that the existing framework exhibits numerous shortcomings, both in practice and in theory. These include unclear definitions of key concepts such as “sexual images” overly fragmented and overlapping elements of offenses, and insufficient mechanisms for victim relief and support, thereby hindering effective legal enforcement and comprehensive victim protection. In light of these findings, this thesis proposes several policy and institutional reform recommendations. Firstly, it suggests amending relevant provisions of the Criminal Code and establishing a dedicated authority modelled on Australia’s experience to address emerging online sexual image-related crimes. Secondly, it advocates for the introduction of restorative justice mechanisms and strengthening the legal foundation and operational capacity of Taiwan’s Sexual Image Abuse Reporting Center, with the aim of building a more comprehensive network for preventing and combating digital gender-based violence. Finally, by adopting a gender-sensitive and victim-oriented perspective, this thesis provides concrete legal reform pathways for regulating intimate sexual image offenses, serving as a reference for future legislative development.