從個人中心取向探討網路使用型態與心理適應之關聯： 臺灣家庭動態調查之分析

Abstract

隨著科技發展，網路使用愈發普及，然其對心理適應的影響在過往文獻中結果並不一致。因此，本研究透過細化網路使用情形（平日、假日使用時間及三種使用型態），探討其與心理適應性之關聯，並結合以個體為中心的集群分析，描繪出臺灣民眾的整體網路使用型態（娛樂性、社交性、工具性），以及進一步比較其在心理適應上的差異。本研究利用2024 年家庭動態資料庫（N = 5594）進行分析。結果顯示，平假日使用時間與三種使用型態對心理適應性具獨立預測力，突顯出區分兩者的重要性。假日使用時間與較嚴重的問題性網路使用、較高的負向心理適應（情緒困擾、孤獨感）、較低的正向心理適應（正向感受、社會支持）有關，而娛樂性使用型態僅能預測負向心理適應，社交性使用型態則對人際適應具雙面性，與孤獨感及社會支持皆呈正相關。此外，臺灣民眾的網路使用型態可分為六組：高使用、社交工具導向、娛樂導向、社交導向、工具導向及低使用組，並在控制年齡變項後，各使用型態組型有著不同的心理適應風險。本研究的發現不僅深入了解網路使用情形對情緒與人際適應之關聯，且以貼近現象的分析方法提供新的觀點，初步探索臺灣民眾網路使用型態傾向，更加認識使用型態組型對適應的潛在影響機制。

With the development of technology, Internet usage has become more popular. However, previous studies are inconsistent findings on the relationship between its and psychological adjustments. Therefore, this study explores the relationship with Internet usage and psychological adjustments by refining Internet usage conditions (weekday and holiday usage time and three types of usage styles), conducting person-centered cluster analysis to identify the usage style patterns (entertainment, social, and instrumental) among Taiwanese people, and comparing psychological adjustments across these patterns. This study used the Panel Study of Family Dynamics database (N = 5594) collected in 2024 for analysis. The results showed that weekday and weekend Internet usage time and three types of Internet usage styles independently predicted psychological adjustments, revealing the importance of distinguishing these dimensions. Greater weekend Internet usage time was associated with higher levels of problematic Internet use and negative psychological adjustments (emotional distress, loneliness), and lower levels of positive psychological adjustments (positive feelings, social support). Entertainment style was associated only with negative psychological adjustments, and social style was positively related to both loneliness and social support, reflecting a dual effect on interpersonal psychological adjustments. In addition, Taiwanese people's Internet usage style patterns were categorized into six groups: high usage, social and instrumental orientation, entertainment orientation, social orientation, instrumental orientation and low usage. After controlling for age variables, each motivation pattern group had different psychological adjustment risks. These findings provide not only deeper insights into the relationship between Internet usage and emotional and interpersonal psychological adjustments, but also new perspectives through a phenomenon-based analytical approach. This study preliminarily explored the usage tendencies of Taiwanese Internet users and further clarified the potential mechanisms by which usage style patterns impact psychological adjustments.