從行動到身心狀態的掌控： 雙向度能動感的構念提出與量表編製

Abstract

能動感（Sense of agency）是指個體主觀判斷自身行動或其結果符合意圖的程度，是自我（self）的核心面向之一，與多種心理疾患如思覺失調、憂鬱、強迫症等有關，被視為心理健康的重要指標。能動感也被認為是一種具身性（embodied）的感受，不僅與身體動作控制有關，對內在身心狀態的調節經驗也被視為最早的能動感形式之一，心理疾患亦常展現此面向的調控困難。然而，現有理論與測量多著重對外目標達成與行動控制，現有的客觀測量與量表亦分別存在構念爭議、適用對象有限及文化適配性不足等問題。因此，在這篇論文中，我主張能動感的概念除了過去標舉的來自「目標導向行動」的能動感」外，也應該涵蓋來自「內在狀態調節」的能動感，並據此構念發展一個具文化考量的一般性能動感測量工具—雙向度能動感量表。量表編製以254位年輕成人樣本進行探索性因素分析與項目分析，再以545位樣本進行驗證性因素分析及信效度檢驗。結果支持雙向度能動感量表的二因子結構，模型適配度達可接受程度以上，內部一致性信度（ω = .79）與再測信度（r = .84）良好。本量表與既有能動感、自我效能及心理疾患傾向（憂鬱、焦慮與強迫傾向）呈顯著且符合預期方向之相關，顯示良好校標關聯效度。階層多元回歸分析顯示，相較於國外常用的能動感與自我效能量表，雙向度能動感量表在預測前述三種心理疾患傾向上可提供額外解釋力，具增益效度。本量表也首度顯示這三種心理疾患傾向與能動感這兩種面向的關係有所不同。整體而言，本論文拓展對能動感具身性內涵的理解，在能動感的理論建構上有所創新，亦提供心理健康研究新視角的測量工具，具應用潛力。

The sense of agency (SoA) refers to an individual's subjective judgment regarding the extent to which their actions and outcomes align with their intentions. As a core aspect of the self and a crucial indicator of mental health, SoA has demonstrated associations to various psychological disorders, including schizophrenia, depression, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. SoA is also considered an embodied experience, with bodily experiences involving the basic needs and homeostasis of internal states proposed as one of its earliest forms. Furthermore, the dysregulation of internal states is commonly observed in psychopathology. However, extant theories and measurements primarily focus on goal-directed action control, leading to limitations such as conceptual ambiguity, restricted applicability across populations, and inadequate cultural adaptation. To address these issues, I proposed a bidimensional framework of SoA that encompasses the regulating internal states in addition to goal-directed actions. Based on this framework, this study developed a bidimensional SoA scale, designed to be comprehensive, culturally sensitive, and suitable for both non-clinical and clinical populations. In Study 1, an exploratory factor analysis and an item analysis were conducted with 254 young adults. In Study 2, then utilized a separate sample of 545 participants to conduct a confirmatory factor analysis, along with reliability and validity testing. Study 2 Results consistently supported the two-factor structure, demonstrating with acceptable model fit, high internal consistency (ω = .79), and good test–retest reliability (r = .84). As anticipated, the scale significantly correlated with existing measures of SoA and self-efficacy, as well as with depression, anxiety, and obsessive–compulsion tendencies, indicating strong criterion-related validity. Furthermore, hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed that the Bidimensional Sense of Agency Scale offered additional explanatory power in predicting psychological symptoms compared to widely used measures of SoA and self-efficacy, thus demonstrating incremental validity. Notably, this study was also the first to show that various psychopathological tendencies exhibit distinct profiles across these two dimensions of agency. In sum, this research advances our understanding of embodied agency, presenting a novel theoretical framework and a new measurement tool with practical implications for mental health research.