永續性轉型觀點下臺灣海岸地區生計之研究

Abstract

為奠定臺灣海岸地區永續發展與治理創新之實證基礎，本論文以永續性轉型為視角，聚焦海岸地區在環境與社會變遷壓力下所面臨之生計脆弱性與治理困境，並探討行動者在此脈絡下之調適機制。有鑑於我國在永續生計與轉型治理方面之相關研究仍顯不足，本文進一步提出以下研究問題：行動者如何運用生計資本因應脆弱性挑戰？其調適行動受哪些關鍵因素影響？具體之調適作為為何？以及多元未來發展情境如何形塑海岸地區之治理選擇與決策條件？為具體回應上述問題，研究設計遂聚焦以下目的：釐清海岸地區生計調適行動之關鍵機制，並提出具體之生計改善建議；此外，透過建構與評估多元未來情境，進一步提出具政策導向之海岸治理策略。 為達成研究目的，第一項研究透過篩選生計資本要項以建構結構式問卷，並採取立意抽樣針對海岸地區居民進行問卷調查。透過探索式因素分析歸納出脈絡、支持效益、網絡、生產力與自主性等五項生計因素。區隔分析結果則指出三組居民集群對生計因素之重視程度具差異性，且與其社會經濟背景具密切相關；據此，該研究提出透過生計多樣化以促進生計韌性之建議。第二項研究則運用多準則決策分析，將生計構面及其下準則結合未來社會情境，建構出臺灣海岸地區未來社會情境評估之決策模型。專家問卷分析結果指出規範、治理、網絡與生產力等生計構面及其下準則間存在相互影響關係；其中規範與網絡為最具關鍵影響力之構面，應優先改善。情境分析結果則指出以自然資本為基礎之分散社會最具發展潛力外，亦提出因應多元情境之強化路徑建議，以作為規劃海岸治理架構與調適策略之依據。 政策層面上建議海岸治理應落實具對話性與知識共構導向之海岸生計審議機制，以強化地方行動者在治理過程中之參與角色與協作能量；同時，加速推動海岸治理之制度化，以穩定治理權責與制度依據。後續研究則建議結合社會行銷思維與行動研究，聚焦於行動者導向之干預設計，並同步探究將科研成果轉化為政策行動之回饋機制；亦可深化鏈結治理之應用，採取整合網絡結構、互動關係與在地敘事之方法論，構築具回應、包容且協作性之地方治理架構，以回應海岸生計與治理議題之複雜挑戰。期盼本論文所奠定之基礎，能為決策者提供政策設計方向與轉型治理之依據，並引導臺灣海岸邁向更具韌性、公平且永續之發展路徑。

By adopting the lens of sustainability transitions, this dissertation contributes to building an empirical foundation for advancing sustainable development and governance innovation in Taiwan’s coastal areas. It focuses on the livelihood vulnerabilities and governance challenges faced by coastal communities under the combined pressures of environmental and social change, and examines the adaptive mechanisms employed by local actors in response. Given the limited research on sustainable livelihoods and transition governance in Taiwan, this study further raises the following research questions: How do actors mobilize livelihood capital to address vulnerability? What key factors influence their adaptive actions? What specific adaptive strategies are adopted? And how do future scenarios shape governance options and decision-making conditions in coastal areas? This study aims to identify the key mechanisms of livelihood adaptation in coastal areas and propose strategies for livelihood improvement; and to develop policy-oriented coastal governance strategies by constructing and evaluating multiple future scenarios. The first research involved constructing a structured questionnaire based on selected livelihood capital indicators and employed purposive sampling to survey coastal residents. Through exploratory factor analysis, five key livelihood factors were identified: context, supporting benefit, network, productivity, and autonomy. Segmentation analysis further identified three resident groups with varying degrees on these factors, and the variations were strongly associated with their socioeconomic characteristics. Based on these findings, the research recommends promoting livelihood diversification to strengthen resilience in coastal communities. The second part of the study employed a multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) to integrate livelihood dimensions and their corresponding criteria with future scenarios, thereby constructing a decision-making model for evaluating potential development pathways in Taiwan’s coastal areas. Responses of expert survey revealed interdependent relationships among the livelihood dimensions, particularly norm, governance, network, and productivity, and their associated criteria. Among these, norm and network were identified as the most influential dimensions, highlighting the need for targeted improvements. The scenario analysis further indicated that the Natural capital–based dispersed society (ND) scenario holds the greatest developmental potential. Based on these findings, the study proposed context-sensitive enhancement pathways tailored to diverse future scenarios, providing a reference for the design of adaptive governance frameworks and coastal development strategies. At the policy level, this study advocates for the establishment of an institutionalized deliberative mechanism for coastal livelihoods, grounded in participatory engagement and knowledge co-production. Such mechanism is intended to enhance the participatory roles and collaborative capacities of local actors within governance processes. Concurrently, efforts to institutionalize coastal governance should be expedited to ensure greater clarity and stability in accountability structures and regulatory frameworks. Future research is encouraged to integrate action research with social marketing approaches, emphasizing actor-centered intervention design while concurrently examining feedback mechanisms that facilitate the translation of scientific insights into policy implementation. Furthermore, the advancement of nexus governance may benefit from methodological approaches that incorporate network structures, relational dynamics, and place-based narratives, contributing to the development of a responsive, inclusive, and collaborative framework for local governance that can effectively address the complex challenges of coastal livelihoods and institutional transformation. It is hoped that the foundation established by this study will inform policy design and support transition governance, ultimately guiding Taiwan’s coastal areas toward a more resilient, equitable, and sustainable development trajectory.