應用合作與非合作賽局理論於人道主義物流中的路徑與選址問題

Abstract

本研究探討人道主義物流中的選址與路徑問題（Location-Routing Problem, LRP），旨在優化災害應變過程中的資源分配與物流運作。台灣因地理位置及自然環境，常遭受颱風、地震及洪水等天然災害，這些災害對緊急救援與物資配送構成重大挑戰。為此，本研究提出結合合作與非合作賽局理論的雙階段框架，模擬多方利害關係人的互動，進而提升物流效率與資源分配公平性。 第一階段採用廣義納什均衡（Generalized Nash Equilibrium, GNE）模型，模擬非政府組織（Non-Governmental Organizations, NGOs）間的競爭性資源分配，確保各單位在共享約束下實現最佳效益。第二階段利用合作賽局理論，探討設施選址及車輛路徑的最佳化。研究中採用夏普利值（Shapley value）作為成本分配機制，確保合作各方的公平性並促進協作。 案例研究以台灣東部某地震為背景，透過應變管理資訊系統（Emergency Management Information Cloud , EMIC）進行數據處理與地理資訊分析。結果顯示，合作策略能顯著降低物流成本，且敏感性分析驗證了模型在不同需求與資源情境下的適應性。 本研究對人道主義物流領域的貢獻在於提出整合合作與非合作視角的全面框架，不僅能優化資源分配與路徑決策，亦能為政策制定者提供具體建議，以促進災害應變過程的效率、公平與協作。

This research addresses the Location-Routing Problem (LRP) in humanitarian logistics, aiming to optimize resource allocation and logistics operations during disaster responses. Taiwan’s vulnerability to natural disasters, such as typhoons, earthquakes, and floods, presents significant challenges for emergency relief and distribution of essential supplies. To tackle these challenges, a two-stage framework integrating cooperative and non-cooperative game theory is proposed, modeling interactions among multiple stakeholders to enhance logistics efficiency and fairness in resource allocation. In the first stage, a Generalized Nash Equilibrium (GNE) model simulates competitive resource allocation among Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), ensuring strategically balanced outcomes under shared constraints. The second stage applies cooperative game theory to optimize facility locations and vehicle routing. The Shapley value is utilized as a cost-sharing mechanism to ensure fairness among cooperating stakeholders and foster sustained collaboration. A case study, based on a major earthquake in eastern Taiwan, demonstrates the practical applicability of the framework. Data processing and geospatial analysis were conducted using the Emergency Management Information Cloud (EMIC). Results show that cooperative strategies significantly reduce logistical costs, and sensitivity analyses confirm the framework’ adaptability under various demand and resource scenarios. This study contributes to the field of humanitarian logistics by presenting a comprehensive framework that integrates cooperative and non-cooperative perspectives. It optimizes resource allocation and routing decisions while offering actionable insights for policymakers to design effective and equitable disaster response frameworks.