水域解嚴？水域管理？宜蘭縣冬山河親水的地方治理、自由權與人身安全之難題

Abstract

此篇論文旨在以深度報導的方式，說明台灣近年興起的「水域開放」社會運動的故事與背景脈絡，並分析影響此議題的結構、政治與文化因素，最後提出未來的努力方向。此外，為了完整且詳細地論述此議題，本文選定宜蘭冬山河為案例，說明此河流與宜蘭地區的水域遊憩、地方觀光經濟、地方管理、水域安全與防溺教育的發展，以及水域與在鄉土教育的關聯。

論文內容分為兩部分，第一部分為報導的基底內容，包括報導緣起、文獻回顧、問題意識、報導大綱與採訪列表；第二部分為報導內文，包括宜蘭冬山河的運動選手、遊憩業者、地方創生青年、開放水域運動者、水域安全與防溺教育者的故事，並由他們的敘述，交叉比對其他利害關係人的說法與看法，展示在開放水域議題中的對話及需再探討的方向。

在文獻回顧中，本文界定了所探討的「水域」，是台灣非海域的部分淡水水域。台灣政府因《發展觀光條例》應採取「原則開放、例外禁止」的方式管理水域，讓人民能親近自然環境，但因地方政府的決策，許多台灣水域，包括海岸、湖泊及河流，處於完全或部分禁止下水的情況。本文討論的即是這些水域與人民相處中所產生的經濟、法律、教育和行政問題。

本文通過兩年多的地方水域遊憩活動與發展討論的參與，以及多次採訪，發現台灣的開放水域議題牽涉著「開放山林與海域」政策後，政府機關管理的改變不足，以及法律修訂未能跟上腳步等問題。台灣民間水域遊憩活動蓬勃發展時，民眾並無相關社會支持，難以落實「責任自負」的願景；地方水域禁止時的社會溝通不足，減損了許多依水而生的遊憩與文化產業，無法真正促進在地創生。因此，政府應改變其政治態度、管理方式、教育內容和法條，才能真正向山海與水致敬。

This paper explores the recent "water area opening" social movement in Taiwan through in-depth reporting, analyzing its structural, political, and cultural influences, and proposing future directions. The Dongshan River in Yilan is used as a case study to illustrate the development of water recreation, local tourism, management, water safety education, and local education.

The paper is divided into two parts. The first part includes the origin of the report, literature review, problem awareness, report outline, and interview list. The second part contains stories from athletes, recreation industry operators, local youth, water area activists, and water safety educators in the Dongshan River area. These narratives are cross-referenced with other stakeholders’ views to highlight dialogue and further exploration areas within the open water issue.

The literature review defines "water areas" as Taiwan's freshwater areas, excluding maritime areas. According to the Tourism Development Act (發展觀光條例), the government should manage these areas with a "principally open, exceptionally restricted" approach. However, local government decisions have led to many water areas, including coasts, lakes, and rivers, being partially or entirely restricted. This paper addresses the economic, legal, educational, and administrative issues arising from public interaction with these water areas.

Based on over two years of participation in local water recreation activities and multiple interviews, the paper finds that the issue involves inadequate government management adjustments and outdated legal revisions following the "opening mountains and seas" policy. This has left the public without necessary support for responsible water recreation. Insufficient communication during water area restrictions has also harmed recreational and cultural industries, failing to promote local revitalization. The government should change its political attitude, management approach, educational content, and legal provisions to truly honor mountains, seas, and water.