移民身分與飲食行為:自尊做為中介因子

Abstract

緒論:自尊與青少年的飲食行為障礙密切相關。然而,有關移民身份與台灣飲食 行為之間相互作用的研究仍然稀少,特別是針對第二代移民。本研究旨在探討台 灣移民與非移民青少年中移民身份與飲食行為之間的關聯,並研究自尊的中介作 用。

研究方法:本研究數據來源於 2023 年進行的一項橫斷面調查。最終分析包括新 北市某高中的 27 個班級共 786 名 15 至 18 歲的青少年。採用飲食態度測驗 (Eating Attitudes Test, EAT-26)和三因子飲食問卷-R18(Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire, TFEQ-R18)評估青少年的飲食行為,並使用羅森伯格自尊量表 (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, RSES)評估自尊。數據分析使用 STATA 進行, 並通過路徑分析探討移民與非移民青少年的飲食行為途徑。

結果:在所有路徑分析模型中,移民身份與自尊之間均呈顯著負相關(β = - 1.395, p = 0.030)。自尊與除認知控制以外的所有飲食行為均呈顯著相關。其 中,飲食紊亂表現出最大的間接效應值(β = 0.095,未控制變量;β = 0.288, 控制變量),其次是無節制飲食(β = 0.125,未控制變量;β = 0.118,控制變 量),以及情緒性飲食(β = 0.095,未控制變量;β = 0.087,控制變量)。值 得注意的是,移民身份對飲食行為的直接影響在所有模型中均不顯著。

討論:本研究提供了證據表明,移民身份並不直接影響飲食行為,而是可能通過 低自尊等因素間接影響飲食行為。公共衛生從業者應實施針對父母和學校的教育 計劃,以促進健康素養、文化包容性、身體自信和自尊。未來研究應探討低自尊 的深層原因,以揭示移民與非移民青少年異常飲食行為的其他影響途徑。

Introduction: Self-esteem has been linked to eating behavior disturbances in adolescents. However, there is sparse research on the interaction between immigrant status and eating behaviors in Taiwan, especially for second-generation immigrants. This study examines the association between immigrant status and eating behaviors in immigrant and non-immigrant adolescents in Taiwan, exploring the mediating role of self-esteem.

Methods: The data derived from a cross-sectional survey conducted in 2023. Seven hundred eighty-six adolescents aged 15 to 18 years from 27 classes in a senior high school in New Taipei City were included in the final analysis. The Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) and the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire-R18 (TFEQ-R18) were used to assess adolescents’ eating behaviors. Self-esteem was evaluated using the Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). STATA was employed for statistical analysis, and path analyses were conducted to explore the eating behavior pathways for immigrant and non-immigrant adolescents.

Results: Across all path analysis models, there was a negative association between immigrant status and self-esteem (β = -1.395, p = 0.030). Self-esteem was significantly associated with all eating behaviors except cognitive restraint. Notably, disordered eating showed the largest indirect effect sizes (β = 0.095 without controls; β = 0.288 with controls), followed by uncontrolled eating (β = 0.125 without controls; β = 0.118 with controls) and then emotional eating (β = 0.095 without controls; β = 0.087 with controls). Importantly, the direct effect of immigrant status on eating behaviors was not significant in any model.

Discussion: This study provides evidence that immigrant status does not directly affect eating behaviors but rather may influence them indirectly through factors such as low 7 self-esteem. Public health practitioners should implement parental and school-based education programs to promote health literacy, cultural inclusivity, body confidence, and self-esteem. Future research should investigate the underlying causes of low self- esteem to determine other pathways to abnormal eating behaviors for immigrant and non-immigrant adolescents.