真空管太陽熱能集熱器與熱泵結合之高溫熱水系統性能分析

Abstract

本研究在宜蘭建立一實驗場域，並針對真空管太陽熱能集熱器與熱泵結合之高溫熱水系統進行性能與效益分析。實驗結果顯示，熱泵應用淺層溫能顯著降低了壓縮機的工作負荷，減少高低壓差，進一步降低系統的電功率消耗，實現節能效果。同時，太陽熱能作為免費的熱能來源，顯著提升了整體能源利用效率。 在熱泵性能分析中，雙效模式的製熱性能係數(COPh)為3.62±0.18，而具過冷器之雙效模式的製熱性能係數(COPh)則提升至4.10±0.20，性能提升約11.7%。製熱模式下的製熱性能係數(COPh)為5.13±0.22，而具過冷器之製熱模式的製熱性能係數(COPh)則為5.46±0.18，性能提升約6%。結果顯示，利用淺層溫能的製熱模式性能係數皆優於雙效模式。真空管太陽能集熱器在性能分析上，其平均集熱功率達到11.14 kW，平均熱效率為0.63。 在真空管太陽熱能集熱器與熱泵結合的高溫熱水系統中，採用熱泵的具過冷器之製熱模式與真空管太陽熱能集熱器搭配的方案表現最佳，綜合性能係數達到12.1。並針對不同熱水系統的進行比較。相較於傳統電熱鍋爐，本系統可節省約92.1%的能源費用；而與天然氣鍋爐相比，則可節省約80.6%的能源費用，展現出優異的節能效益與環境友好性。本研究顯示了結合真空管太陽熱能集熱器與熱泵之高溫熱水系統在提升能源效率與節能減排方面的潛力，為高溫熱水系統技術的發展提供新的參考方向。

This study established an experimental site in Yilan to analyze the performance of a high-temperature hot water system combining vacuum tube solar collectors and heat pump. The experimental results show that the heat pump's application of shallow geothermal energy significantly reduces the compressor's workload, minimizes the pressure difference between high and low sides, and further decreases the system's power consumption, achieving notable energy savings. Meanwhile, solar thermal energy, as a free heat source, significantly enhances overall energy utilization efficiency. In the heat pump performance analysis, the coefficient of performance for heating (COPh) in dual-effect mode was 3.62 ± 0.18, which increased to 4.10 ± 0.20 in the dual-effect mode with a subcooler, representing a performance improvement of approximately 11.7%. In the heating mode, the COPh was 5.13 ± 0.22, which rose to 5.46 ± 0.18 with the inclusion of a subcooler, reflecting a performance improvement of about 6%. The results indicate that the COPh in the heating mode utilizing shallow geothermal energy is superior to that in the dual-effect mode. For the vacuum tube solar collectors, the average heat collection power reached 11.14 kW, with an average thermal efficiency of 0.63. In the high-temperature hot water system combining vacuum tube solar collectors and a heat pump, the configuration pairing the heat pump's heating mode with a subcooler and the vacuum tube solar collector exhibited the best performance, achieving a comprehensive coefficient of performance (COP) 12.1. Comparisons with different hot water systems were also conducted. Compared to traditional electric boilers, this system reduces energy costs by approximately 92.1%; compared to natural gas boilers, it achieves savings of around 80.6%, demonstrating excellent energy-saving benefits and environmental friendliness. This study highlights the potential of combining vacuum tube solar collectors and heat pumps to improve energy efficiency and reduce emissions, offering a new reference direction for the development of high-temperature hot water system technologies.