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| DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
|---|---|---|
| dc.contributor.advisor | 姜皇池 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.advisor | Huang-Chih Chiang | en |
| dc.contributor.author | 孫維憶 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.author | Wei-Yih Sun | en |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2025-02-19T16:38:53Z | - |
| dc.date.available | 2025-02-20 | - |
| dc.date.copyright | 2025-02-19 | - |
| dc.date.issued | 2025 | - |
| dc.date.submitted | 2025-01-16 | - |
| dc.identifier.citation | 壹、 中文文獻
一、 書籍 姜皇池（2018），《國際海洋法（上冊）》，二版，新學林。 二、 期刊論文或專書論文 汪小靜（2024），〈BBNJ談判中的“不損害”之釋義及其法律模式〉，《邊界與海洋研究》，9卷4期，頁95。 陳貞如（2018），〈初探「國家管轄範圍以外地區」海洋環境與生物多樣性相關國際規範〉，《台灣國際法學刊》，15卷1期，頁17。 郭紅岩、宋淵銘（2023），〈BBNJ談判中的“not undermine”內涵研究〉，《中國海洋 大學學報社會科學版》，5期，頁14。 張善寶（2023），〈國家管轄範圍外區域海洋生物多樣性法律規制的變革與完善——《BBNJ國際協定（草案）》評析〉，《海洋開發與管理》，4期，頁8。 蔣小翼、盧萃文（2023），〈BBNJ國際協定談判中的主要爭議點及各方立場評析〉，《中國海洋大學學報》，3期，頁26。 三、 網路文獻與資料 北京綠研公益發展中心，〈BBNJ養護與可持續利用第二次政府間談判會議觀察： 繼續搭積木〉，載於：https://www.ghub.org.cn/news/detail/bbnj%e5%85%bb%e6%8a%a4%e4%b8%8e%e5%8f%af%e6%8c%81%e7%bb%ad%e5%88%a9%e7%94%a8%e7%ac%ac%e4%ba%8c%e6%ac%a1%e6%94%bf%e5%ba%9c%e9%97%b4%e8%b0%88%e5%88%a4%e4%bc%9a%e8%ae%ae%e8%a7%82%e5%af%9f%ef%bc%9a。 貳、 英文文獻 一、 書籍 Churchill, R. R., & Lowe, A. V. (1999). The Law of the Sea. Manchester University Press. Clingan, T. (1994). The Law of the Sea. Ocean Law and Policy International Ocean Institute, C. (2018). The Future of Ocean Governance and Capacity Development: Essays in Honor of Elisabeth Mann Borgese (1918-2002). Brill | Nijhoff. Molenaar, E. J., & Oude Elferink, A. G. (2010). The International Legal Regime of Areas beyond National Jurisdiction: Current and Future Developments. Brill | Nijhoff. Scheiber, H. N., Oral, N., & Kwon, M.-S. (2018). Ocean Law Debates: The 50-Year Legacy and Emerging Issues for the Years Ahead. Brill | Nijhoff. Sohn, L. B. (2010). The law of the sea in a nutshell / by Louis B. Sohn ... [et al.] (2nd ed.). West. Spate, O. H. K. (2004). The Spanish lake / O. H. K. Spate. ANU E Press. Tanaka, Y. (2019). The International Law of the Sea (3 ed.). Cambridge University Press. Tellegen-Couperus, O. E. (1993). A short history of Roman law / Olga Tellegen-Couperus (1st ed.). Routledge. The IMLI Treatise On Global Ocean Governance: Volume I: UN and Global Ocean Governance. (2018). Oxford University Press. 二、 期刊論文或專書論文 Bangert, K. (2018). Fisheries Agreements, Max Planck Encyclopedias Of International Law, 5. Bodansky, D. (2024). Four Treaties in One: The Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction Agreement. American Journal of International Law, 1-31. De La Concepción, R. T. (2024). Negotiating fair and equitable sharing of benefits in the BBNJ agreement: Role of the Group of 77 and China. Marine Policy, 163, 106085. De Santo, E. M., Mendenhall, E., Nyman, E., & Tiller, R. (2020). Stuck in the middle with you (and not much time left): The third intergovernmental conference on biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction. Marine Policy, 117, 103957. Friedman, A. (2019). Beyond “not undermining”: possibilities for global cooperation to improve environmental protection in areas beyond national jurisdiction. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 76(2), 452-456. Fuchs, J. (2015). Marine Living Resources, International Protection, Max Planck Encyclopedias Of International Law, 8. Kim, R. E. (2024). The Likely Impact of the BBNJ Agreement on the Architecture of Ocean Governance. Marine Policy, 165, 106190. Kirchner, A. (2007). Law of the Sea, History of, Max Planck Encyclopedias Of International Law, 3. Langlet, A., & Vadrot, A. B. M. (2023). Not ‘undermining’ who? Unpacking the emerging BBNJ regime complex. Marine Policy, 147, 105372. Lodge, M. W. (2015). The Deep Seabed, The Oxford Handbook Of The Law Of The Sea, 229. Mendenhall, E., De Santo, E., Nyman, E., & Tiller, R. (2019). A soft treaty, hard to reach: The second inter-governmental conference for biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction. Marine Policy, 108, 2019. Mendenhall, E., De Santo, E., Jankila, M., Nyman, E., & Tiller, R. (2022). Direction, not detail: Progress towards consensus at the fourth intergovernmental conference on biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction. Marine Policy, 146, 10. Mendenhall, E., Tiller, R., & Nyman, E. (2023). The ship has reached the shore: The final session of the ‘Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction’ negotiations. Marine Policy, 155, 105686. Oxman, B. H. (1994). The 1994 Agreement and the Convention. The American Journal of International Law, 88(4), 687-696. Parmentier, R. (2012). Role and Impact of International NGOs in Global Ocean Governance. Ocean Yearbook, 26(1), 216. Rosenne, S. & Gebhard, J. (2008). Conferences on the Law of the Sea, Max Planck Encyclopedias Of International Law, 8-9. Scanlon, Z. (2018). The art of “not undermining”: possibilities within existing architecture to improve environmental protections in areas beyond national jurisdiction. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 75(1), 405-416. Taghizadeh, Z. (2024). Marine genetic resources as common heritage of mankind under the BBNJ Agreement; the international community toward a pragmatic benefit-sharing approach?. Biodiversity and Conservation, 1-23. Tang, J. (2024). Form follows function: An initial evaluation of the BBNJ Agreement’s achievements regarding the "not undermining" proviso. Marine Policy, 159, 105952. Tian, H., & Guo, J. (2025). The potential interactions between the BBNJ Agreement and RFMOs in the establishment of ABMTs: Implications for RFMOs. Marine Policy, 171, 106477. Tiller, R., Mendenhall, E., De Santo, E., & Nyman, E. (2023). Shake it Off: Negotiations suspended, but hope simmering, after a lack of consensus at the fifth intergovernmental conference on biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction. Marine Policy, 148, 105457. Tiller, R., De Santo, E., Mendenhall, E., & Nyman, E. (2019). The once and future treaty: Towards a new regime for biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction. Marine Policy, 99, 239-242. Tiller, R., & Mendenhall, E. (2023). And so it begins – The adoption of the ‘Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction’ treaty. Marine Policy, 157, 105836. Treves, T. (2011). Law of the Sea, Max Planck Encyclopedias Of International Law, 2. Vadrot, A. B. M., Langlet, A., & Tessnow-von Wysocki, I. (2022). Who owns marine biodiversity? Contesting the world order through the ‘common heritage of humankind’ principle. Environmental Politics, 31(2), 226-250. Warner, R. M. (2015). Conserving Marine Biodiversity in Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction, The Oxford Handbook Of The Law Of The Sea, 754. 三、 網路文獻與資料 Goonesekere, N. (2023). International Treaty Negotiations and the Status of the Principle of the Common Heritage of Mankind. Harvard International Law Journal. https://journals.law.harvard.edu/ilj/2023/11/international-treaty-negotiations-and-the-status-of-the-principle-of-the-common-heritage-of-mankind-the-2023-bbnj-treaty-text/. International Center for Dialogue and Peacebuilding, BBNJ INFORMAL DIALOGUES, https://icdpb.org/. International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea. (2011). Responsibilities and obligations of States sponsoring persons and entities with respect to activities in the Area (Request for Advisory Opinion submitted to the Seabed Disputes Chamber), Case No. 17, Advisory Opinion of 1 February 2011, ITLOS/PV.2010/2/Rev.2. https://www.itlos.org/fileadmin/itlos/documents/cases/case_no_17/17_adv_op_010211_en.pdf IISD Earth Negotiations Bulletin. Summary report, 25 March – 5 April 2019: 2nd Session of the Intergovernmental Conference (IGC) on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction (BBNJ). https://enb.iisd.org/events/2nd-session-intergovernmental-conference-igc-conservation-and-sustainable-use-marine/summary. IISD Earth Negotiations Bulletin. Summary report, 19–30 August 2019: 3rd Session of the Intergovernmental Conference (IGC) on the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction. https://enb.iisd.org/events/3rd-session-intergovernmental-conference-igc-conservation-and-sustainable-use-marine/summary. IISD Earth Negotiations Bulletin. Summary of the Fourth Session of the Intergovernmental Conference on an International Legally Binding Instrument under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea on the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction: 7-18 March 2022. https://enb.iisd.org/marine-biodiversity-beyond-national-jurisdiction-bbnj-igc4-summary. IISD Earth Negotiations Bulletin. Summary of the Fifth Session of the Intergovernmental Conference on an International Legally Binding Instrument under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea on the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction: 15-26 August 2022. https://enb.iisd.org/marine-biodiversity-beyond-national-jurisdiction-bbnj-igc5-summary. IISD Earth Negotiations Bulletin. Summary of the Resumed Fifth Session of the Intergovernmental Conference on an International Legally Binding Instrument under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea on the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction: 20 February – 4 March 2023. https://enb.iisd.org/marine-biodiversity-beyond-national-jurisdiction-bbnj-igc5-resumed-summary. IISD Earth Negotiations Bulletin. Summary of the Further Resumed Fifth Session of the Intergovernmental Conference to Adopt an International Legally Binding Instrument under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea on the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction: 19-20 June 2023. https://enb.iisd.org/marine-biodiversity-beyond-national-jurisdiction-bbnj-igc5-further-resumed-summary. IUCN. High seas. https://www.iucn.org/our-work/topic/high-seas. Kachelriess, D. (2023). The High Seas Biodiversity Treaty: An Introduction to the Agreement on the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biological Diversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction. IUCN. https://www.iucn.org/sites/default/files/2024-01/iucn-bbnj-treaty-policy-brief.pdf. Mapendere, J. et al. (2006). Track One and a Half Diplomacy and the Complementarity of Tracks, 2(1) Culture Of Peace Online Journal. https://peacemaker.un.org/sites/peacemaker.un.org/files/TrackOneandaHalfDiplomacy_Mapendere.pdf. MERRIAM-WEBSTER.COM DICTIONARY. Undermine. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/undermine. Oceans and Law of the Sea - the United Nations. "A Constitution for the Oceans" Remarks by Tommy T.B. Koh, of Singapore, President of the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea. https://www.un.org/depts/los/convention_agreements/convention_overview_convention.htm. Ocean Literacy Portal. How much of the Ocean has been explored?. https://oceanliteracy.unesco.org/ocean-exploration/. One Planet Summit. High Ambition Coalition on Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ). https://oneplanetsummit.fr/en/coalitions-82/high-ambition-coalition-biodiversity-beyond-national-jurisdiction-bbnj-259. The Group of 77 at the United Nations. About the Group of 77. https://www.g77.org/doc/. UNDP. UNDP welcomes UN-Oceans Agreement on Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction or the High Seas Treaty. https://www.undp.org/speeches/undp-welcomes-un-oceans-agreement-biodiversity-beyond-national-jurisdiction-or-high-seas-treaty-0. UN Environment Programme. BBNJ – ‘Common Heritage of Mankind’, https://www.unep.org/cep/news/blogpost/bbnj-common-heritage-mankind. United Nations Meetings Coverage and Press Releases. Demonstrating ‘the Power of Multilateralism’. https://press.un.org/en/2023/sea2181.doc.htm. United Nations Office for South-South Cooperation. About South-South and Triangular. https://unsouthsouth.org/about/about-sstc/ Cooperation. 四、 條約 1958 Convention on Fishing and Conservation of the Living Resources of the High Seas, adopted on 29 April 1958, 559 U.N.T.S. 285 (entered into force on 20 March 1966). 1958 Convention on the Continental Shelf, adopted on 29 April 1958, 499 U.N.T.S. 311 (entered into force on 10 June 1964). 1958 Convention on the High Seas, adopted on 29 April 1958, 450 U.N.T.S. 11 (entered into force on 30 September 1962). 1958 Convention on the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone, adopted on 29 April 1958, 516 U.N.T.S. 205 (entered into force on 10 September 1964). 1962 Optional Protocol of Signature concerning the Compulsory Settlement of Disputes, adopted on 30 September 1962, 450 U.N.T.S. 169 (entered into force on 3 January 1963). Agreement relating to the Implementation of Part XI of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 10 December 1982, adopted on 28 July 1994, 1836 U.N.T.S. 3 (entered into force on 28 July. 1996) Agreement for the Implementation of the Provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 10 December 1982 relating to the Conservation and Management of Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks, adopted on 4 August 1995, 2167 U.N.T.S. 3 (entered into force on 11 December 2001). Convention for the protection of the marine environment of the North-East Atlantic, adopted on 22 September 1992, 2354 U.N.T.S. 67 (entered into force on 25 March 1998). Convention for the protection of the Mediterranean Sea against pollution, adopted on 16 February 1976, 1102 U.N.T.S. 27 (entered into force on 12 February 1978). Convention on the prevention of marine pollution by dumping of wastes and other matter, adopted on 29 December 1972, 1046 U.N.T.S. 120 (entered into force on 30 August 1975). Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty, adopted on 4 October 1991, 2941 U.N.T.S. 263 (entered into force on 14 January 1998). United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, adopted on 10 Decemeber 1982, 1833 U.N.T.S. 397 (entered into force on 16 November 1994). Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, adopted on 22 May 1969, 1155 U.N.T.S. 331 (entered into force on 27 January 1980). 五、 聯合國資料 First United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea, Resolutions adopted by the United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea, Annex, p. 143, U.N. Doc A/CONF.13/L.56 (Apr. 23, 1958). G.A Res. 2340(XXII), Examination of the question of the reservation exclusively for peaceful purposes of the sea-bed and the ocean floor, and the subsoil thereof, underlying the high seas beyond the limits of present national jurisdiction, and the use of their resources in the interest of mankind (Dec. 18, 1967). G.A Res. 2467(XXIII), Examination of the question of the reservation exclusively for peaceful purposes of the sea-bed and the ocean floor, and the subsoil thereof, underlying the high seas beyond the limits of present national jurisdiction, and the use of their resources in the interest of mankind (Dec. 21, 1968). G.A Res. 2467(XXIII), Results of the review by the Commission on Sustainable Development of the sectoral theme of “Oceans and seas”: international coordination and cooperation (Jan. 18, 2000). G.A Res. 2574 (XXIV), Question of the Reservation Exclusively for Peaceful Purposes of the Sea-Bed and the Ocean Floor, and the Subsoil Thereof, Underlying the High Seas Beyond the Limits of Present National Jurisdiction, and the Use of Their Resources in the Interests of Mankind (1969). G.A Res. 2749(XXV), Declaration of Principles Governing the Sea-Bed and the Ocean Floor, and the Subsoil Thereof, beyond the Limits of National Jurisdiction (Dec. 17, 1970). G.A Res. 2750(XXV), Reservation exclusively for peaceful purposes of the seabed and the ocean floor and the subsoil thereof, underlying the high seas beyond the limits of present national jurisdiction and use of their resources in the interests of mankind, and convening of a conference on the law of the sea (1971). G.A Res. 66/288, The future we want (Sep. 11, 2012). G.A Res. 68/70, Oceans and the law of the sea (Feb. 27, 2014). G.A Res. 69/292, Development of an international legally binding instrument under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction (June 19, 2015). G.A Res. 72/249, International legally binding instrument under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction (Dec. 24, 2017). International Law Commission, Report of the International Law Commission Covering the Work of its Seventh Session, 2 May - 8 July 1955, Official Records of the General Assembly, Tenth Session, Supplement No. 9, ILC Doc. A/2934 (1955). Intergovernmental conference on an international legally binding instrument under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, First session, President’s Aid to Discussions, U.N. Doc A/CONF.232/2018/3 (June 25, 2018). Intergovernmental conference on an international legally binding instrument under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, First session, Statement by the President of the conference at the closing of the first session, Annex, U.N. Doc A/CONF.232/2018/7 (Sep. 20, 2018). Intergovernmental conference on an international legally binding instrument under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Second session, President’s Aid to Negotiations, U.N. Doc A/CONF.232/2019/1 (Dec. 3, 2018). Intergovernmental conference on an international legally binding instrument under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, First session, Statement by the President of the conference at the closing of the second session, U.N. Doc A/CONF.232/2019/5 (Apr. 18, 2019). Intergovernmental Conference on an international legally binding instrument under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Third session, Draft text of an agreement under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction, U.N. Doc A/CONF.232/2019/6 (May 17, 2019). Intergovernmental conference on an international legally binding instrument under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Singapore: draft decision, U.N. Doc A/75/L.96 (June 9, 2021). Intergovernmental conference on an international legally binding instrument under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Singapore: draft decision, U.N. Doc A/76/L.46 (Mar. 24, 2022). Intergovernmental conference on an international legally binding instrument under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Fourth session, Revised draft text of an agreement under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction Note by the President, U.N. Doc A/76/L.46 (Mar. 24, 2022). Intergovernmental conference on an international legally binding instrument under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Fourth session, Further revised draft text of an agreement under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction Note by the President, Annex, U.N. Doc A/CONF.232/2022/5 (June 1, 2022). 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Doc A/9278 (Nov. 6, 1973). UNGA, General Assembly, 22nd session: 1st Committee, 1515th meeting, U.N. Doc A/C.1/PV.1515 (Nov. 27, 1967). UNGA, Outcome of the Ad Hoc Open-ended Informal Working Group to study issues relating to the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity beyond areas of national jurisdiction and Co-Chairs’ summary of discussions, Annex, U.N. Doc A/69/780 (Feb. 13, 2015). UNGA, Recommendations of the Ad Hoc Open-ended Informal Working Group to study issues relating to the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity beyond areas of national jurisdiction and Co-Chairs’ summary of discussions, Annex, U.N. Doc A/66/119 (June 30, 2011). UNGA, Report of the Preparatory Committee established by General Assembly resolution 69/292: Development of an international legally binding instrument under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction, Annex, U.N. Doc A/AC.287/2017/PC.4/2 (July 31, 2017). | - |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/96586 | - |
| dc.description.abstract | 國家管轄範圍外的區域（ABNJ）作為地球主要生態系統之一，面臨過度捕撈、氣候變遷、海洋酸化和污染等多重威脅，其永續利用與保護至關重要。為因應這些挑戰，《聯合國海洋法公約下國家管轄範圍以外區域海洋生物多樣性保育與永續利用協定》（《BBNJ協定》）經歷數十年的談判後於2023年通過，旨在ABNJ促進海洋生物多樣性的保護與全球合作。然而，目前僅有15個國家批准協定，距離生效所需的60國批准門檻尚有差距，又其中多為開發中國家，反映出談判過程中仍存在根本性分歧。
本文首先回顧了自17世紀至今國際法中有關ABNJ概念的歷史沿革，隨後深入梳理BBNJ工作小組至第五屆政府間會議期間圍繞「一籃子議題」的談判進程及其主要爭議，最終聚焦於影響協定推進的核心分歧——「不削弱制度」以及「人類共同繼承財產原則」與「公海自由原則」之間的衝突。本文的分析結果認為，上開分歧為導致談判延宕及批准進度緩慢的關鍵因素，並可能在未來制度落實過程中持續影響協定的推進。尤其「不削弱制度」作為一項相對新穎的國際法概念，各國對此原則的理解和實施方式迥異，特別是在如何協調不同既有法律文書、框架與機構之間的管轄重疊與權責分配上形成了嚴重的法律與政治爭議。此外，儘管《BBNJ協定》鞏固了「人類共同繼承財產原則」在習慣國際法中的地位，然如何在該原則與「公海自由原則」之間取得平衡，並有效緩解長期存在的全球南北分歧，同時確保該原則核心價值的真正落實，仍是協定未來推進的關鍵挑戰。 | zh_TW |
| dc.description.abstract | Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction (ABNJ), as one of the Earth's primary ecosystems, face multiple threats, including overfishing, climate change, ocean acidification, and pollution, making their sustainable use and protection critically important. To address these challenges, The Agreement under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biological Diversity of Areas beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ Agreement) was adopted in 2023 after decades of negotiations, aiming to promote the conservation of marine biodiversity and foster global cooperation in ABNJ. However, to date, only 15 countries have ratified the agreement, falling short of the 60 required for it to enter into force. Most of the ratifying countries are developing nations, reflecting the presence of fundamental disagreements during the negotiation process.
This study first reviews the historical development of the ABNJ concept in international law from the 17th century to the present and systematically examines the negotiation process and major disputes concerning the "package deal" issues discussed from the BBNJ Working Group to the 5th session of the intergovernmental conference on the BBNJ. This study focuses on what it identifies as the core divergences impeding the progress of the agreement—namely, the "not undermine" principle and the conflict between the principles of “the common heritage of humankind" and the "freedom of the high seas." The analysis concludes that these divergences are key factors contributing to the delays in negotiations and the slow pace of ratification, and they are likely to continue affecting the implementation of the agreement in the future. Particularly, the "not undermine" principle, as a relatively novel concept in international law, has led to significant legal and political disputes due to differing interpretations and implementations by various participating countries, especially regarding how to coordinate overlapping jurisdictions and responsibilities across existing legal instruments, frameworks or relevant global, regional, subregional or sectoral bodies (IFBs). Moreover, while the BBNJ Agreement has reinforced the status of the "common heritage of humankind" principle in customary international law, achieving a balance between this principle and the "freedom of the high seas", as well as effectively addressing the long-standing North-South divide, remains a critical challenge for the agreement's future progress. Ensuring the realization of the core values of the "common heritage of humankind" principle will also be essential. | en |
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| dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2025-02-19T16:38:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 | en |
| dc.description.tableofcontents | 口試委員會審定書 i
謝辭 ii 中文摘要 iii 英文摘要 iv 目次 vi 圖次 ix 本文使用英文略語表 x 第一章 緒論 1 第一節 研究動機 1 第二節 研究範圍 4 第三節 研究方法 4 第四節 研究架構 4 第二章 ABNJ概念之發展 6 第一節 公海制度之濫觴 6 第二節 1958年「日內瓦海洋法四大公約」 7 第一項 UNCLOS I與「日內瓦四大公約」 8 第二項 傳統公海四大自由與公海之法律地位 8 第三項 四大公約關於海洋環境與資源保護之缺陷 10 第三節 1982年《聯合國海洋法公約》 11 第一項 UNCLOS III之召開 11 第一款 聯合國海床委員會之成立與其影響 11 第二款 UNCLOS III之召開 12 第二項 1982年《聯合國海洋法公約》有關ABNJ之規定 15 第一款 公海 15 第二款 區域 19 第三款 兩部《海洋法公約》執行協定 22 第四節 《BBNJ協定》 25 第一項 設立新的執行協定之契機 25 第二項 《BBNJ協定》之ABNJ範圍與處理之四大議題 25 第三章 《BBNJ協定》之立法進程 28 第一節 起源與背景 28 第二節 政府間會議前之先行作業 29 第一項 BBNJ工作小組前期會議與2011年「一籃子議題」 29 第二項 BBNJ工作小組後期會議與《聯合國大會第69/292號決議》 30 第三項 籌備委員會 31 第四項 《聯合國大會第72/249號決議》 33 第三節 政府間會議之談判概況與分析 35 第一項 第一屆政府間會議（IGC-1） 35 第一款 主席的討論指導與工作小組全體會議 35 第二款 IGC-1之談判分析 49 第二項 第二屆政府間會議（IGC-2） 53 第一款 主席的協助談判文件與工作小組全體會議 55 第二款 IGC-2之談判分析 67 第三項 第三屆政府間會議（IGC-3） 75 第一款 一般條款（包含跨領域要素） 76 第二款 海洋遺傳資源（MGR） 81 第三款 區域管理工具（ABMT） 87 第四款 環境影響評估（EIA） 91 第五款 能力建構及海洋技術移轉（CBTMT） 95 第四項 第四屆政府間會議（IGC-4） 99 第一款 海洋遺傳資源（MGR） 100 第二款 區域管理工具（ABMT） 104 第三款 環境影響評估（EIA） 107 第四款 能力建構及海洋技術移轉（CBTMT） 111 第五款 機制安排（包含跨領域要素） 113 第五項 第五屆政府間會議（IGC-5 & IGC-5.2） 116 第一款 一般條款 117 第二款 海洋遺傳資源（MGR） 119 第三款 區域管理工具（ABMT） 124 第四款 環境影響評估（EIA） 129 第五款 能力建構與海洋技術移轉（CBTMT） 134 第四章 《BBNJ協定》所面臨之挑戰 140 第一節 前言 140 第二節 「不削弱」（not undermine）制度 142 第一項 「不削弱」制度在立法進程及條文中之落實 142 第二項 「不削弱」之意涵與適用 143 第一款 意涵 143 第二款 適用 143 第三項 「不削弱」制度與「國際合作」之間的關係 145 第一款 第5條第2款下與現有IFBs間的關係及其海洋治理模式 146 第二款 「不削弱」制度下《BBNJ協定》在國際合作將面臨的問題 147 第三款 「提高現有IFBs標準」是否構成削弱 149 第四項 不削弱原則之適用—以RFMO為例 150 第一款 《BBNJ協定》RFMO規範間重疊之處 150 第二款 第22條與COP設立ABMT對不削弱制度的落實 151 第三款 COP根據第22條為決策時對RFMO之影響 152 第三節 「人類共同繼承財產原則」與「公海自由原則」 155 第一項 「人類共同繼承財產原則」之國際法地位及其重要性 156 第一款 「人類共同繼承財產原則」列為習慣國際法地位之確立 156 第二款 「人類共同繼承財產原則」對於《BBNJ協定》之重要性 157 第二項 「人類共同繼承財產原則」與「公海自由原則」並存之困難點 158 第一款 兩原則並存之潛在衝突 158 第二款 務實化「人類共同繼承財產原則」之潛在後果 160 第五章 結論 163 參考學術文獻 165 | - |
| dc.language.iso | zh_TW | - |
| dc.subject | 國家管轄範圍外的區域(ABNJ) | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 公海自由原則 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 人類共同繼承財產原則 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 不削弱制度 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 海洋法公約 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | BBNJ協定 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | not undermine | en |
| dc.subject | UNCLOS | en |
| dc.subject | Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction (ABNJ) | en |
| dc.subject | BBNJ Agreement | en |
| dc.subject | freedom of the high seas | en |
| dc.subject | common heritage of mankind | en |
| dc.title | 從BBNJ協定法制化進程分析協定所面臨之挑戰 | zh_TW |
| dc.title | An Analysis of the Challenges Faced by the BBNJ Agreement Through Its Legalization Process | en |
| dc.type | Thesis | - |
| dc.date.schoolyear | 113-1 | - |
| dc.description.degree | 碩士 | - |
| dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 蔡季廷;陳貞如 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | Chi-Ting Tsai;Chen-Ju Chen | en |
| dc.subject.keyword | BBNJ協定,國家管轄範圍外的區域(ABNJ),海洋法公約,不削弱制度,人類共同繼承財產原則,公海自由原則, | zh_TW |
| dc.subject.keyword | BBNJ Agreement,Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction (ABNJ),UNCLOS,not undermine,common heritage of mankind,freedom of the high seas, | en |
| dc.relation.page | 176 | - |
| dc.identifier.doi | 10.6342/NTU202500152 | - |
| dc.rights.note | 同意授權(全球公開) | - |
| dc.date.accepted | 2025-01-16 | - |
| dc.contributor.author-college | 法律學院 | - |
| dc.contributor.author-dept | 法律學系 | - |
| dc.date.embargo-lift | 2025-02-20 | - |
| 顯示於系所單位： | 法律學系 | |
文件中的檔案：
| 檔案 | 大小 | 格式 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ntu-113-1.pdf | 4.09 MB | Adobe PDF | 檢視/開啟 |
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