植物生長箱栽培微型蔬菜與其二次代謝物之探討

Abstract

本研究透過樹莓派單板電腦建立微型蔬菜生長箱，於微型蔬菜生長箱內以不同灌溉方式包括潮汐式、氣霧式，進行紫甘藍（Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. rubra）、青花菜(Brassica oleracea var. italica)、小麥(Triticum aestivum L.)等微型蔬菜的栽培，旨在建立居家栽培的微型蔬菜生長箱，透過簡易的種植，能夠收穫高營養價值作物為目的。探討灌溉方式外，經由水溫的控制、光照天數、灌溉的時間間隔與二次代謝物間的綜合影響。 本研究建立特定微型蔬菜之環境溫度、相對濕度、水溫、光線及灌溉方式等完整生長過程，並量測每一作物在收穫期之總酚類化合物、類黃酮化合物、葉綠素、類胡蘿蔔素等含量。結果顯示，氣霧式灌溉相較於潮汐式灌溉顯著促進了下胚軸的生長。延長浸種時間增加了花青素含量，這表明延長的水分暴露增強了種子的抗氧化能力。超音波清洗也對總酚類和花青素含量有顯著提升。此外，光照和水溫對於類黃酮的積累有顯著的影響。類黃酮化合物含量隨著光照時間的延長而增加，在四天時達到峰值。較低的水溫 (20oC)加速了類黃酮的合成，但四天後，最終含量與較高溫度(25oC)下的類黃酮含量相似。 使用 YOLOv9 影像辨識技術在檢測發芽階段辨識準確率達 99%。本研究可提供優化環境參數可以顯著提高自產微型蔬菜的營養價值，可助於家庭使用與小規模栽培者做為參考。

This study utilized Raspberry Pi single-board computer (SBC) to establish a microgreens growth chamber, cultivating red cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. rubra), broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica), and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using different irrigation methods, including ebb and flood and aeroponic. The aim was to develop a home microgreens growth chamber that enables the harvesting of high-nutrient crops through simple planting techniques. Besides exploring irrigation methods, the study also investigated the comprehensive effects of water temperature control, light periods, irrigation intervals, and secondary metabolite accumulation. The research established a complete growth process for specific microgreens, including environmental temperature, relative humidity, water temperature, lighting, and irrigation methods. Each crop's total phenolics, total flavonoids, chlorophyll, and carotenoid contents were measured at harvest. The results showed that aeroponic significantly promoted hypocotyl growth compared to the ebb and flood method. Extended soaking time increased anthocyanin content, indicating enhanced antioxidant capacity due to prolonged water soaking. Ultrasonic cleaning significantly boosted the content of total phenolics and anthocyanins. Additionally, light periods and water temperature had significant effects on total flavonoids accumulation. Total flavonoids content increased with longer light periods, peaking at four days. Lower water temperature (20°C) accelerated flavonoid synthesis, but the final content after four days was similar to that at a higher temperature (25°C). Using YOLOv9 image recognition technology achieved a 99% accuracy rate in detecting germination stages. This study demonstrates that optimizing environmental parameters can significantly enhance the nutritional value of home-grown microgreens, providing valuable insights for household use and small-scale cultivators.