戰後臺北市道路交通秩序的形塑（1945－1960s）

Abstract

本文主要探討臺北市在1945年至1960年代的道路交通秩序形塑歷程。戰後臺北市道路長期面臨基礎建設不足，以及管理組織龐雜等問題。自1949年起，由於國民政府遷臺，臺北市成為移民聚集的中心，大量移入的人口與車輛，使得汽車與既有道路使用者的衝突不斷，顯示舊有的交通秩序已不敷使用。1950年代起，為了解決這些問題，政府實施了一系列交通管理措施，並推動交通安全宣傳與教育，嘗試建立以汽車為核心的現代化交通秩序。在此過程中，臺北市的三輪車與行人等既有道路使用者，因為維持交通秩序與安全等理由，被排擠至道路邊緣，甚至被迫離開道路。交通安全的責任歸屬也從汽車承擔多數罵名，逐漸轉移分攤至所有用路人身上，形塑「交通安全，人人有責」的觀念。 本文也發現，戰後的戒嚴體制使得軍方對臺北市的道路規劃，以及交通秩序管理制度，有很大的影響力。並且軍方在交通管理方面自成一個體系，形成民用車與軍用車規定不同步的情況。在建構新秩序的過程中，交通部門與軍方形成既互相配合，又互相競爭主導權的關係，最終由交通部門逐步收回對交通秩序管理的權力，並將軍用汽車納入一般交通管理體制當中。

This paper examines the process of shaping road traffic order in Taipei from 1945 to the 1960s. After World War II, Taipei's roads faced long-term issues of insufficient infrastructure and complex management organizations. From 1949, as the Nationalist government relocated to Taiwan, Taipei became a center for immigrants. The large influx of people and vehicles led to constant conflicts between automobiles and existing road users, indicating that the old traffic order was no longer adequate. Starting in the 1950s, to address these issues, the government implemented a series of traffic management measures and promoted traffic safety campaigns and education, attempting to establish a modernized traffic order centered on automobiles. In this process, existing road users such as tricycles and pedestrians were marginalized or even forced off the roads for reasons of maintaining traffic order and safety. The responsibility for traffic safety gradually shifted from being primarily blamed on automobiles to being shared among all road users, shaping the concept that "traffic safety is everyone's responsibility." The paper also finds that the post-war martial law system gave the military significant influence over Taipei's road planning and traffic order management system. The military formed its own system in traffic management, resulting in inconsistent regulations between civilian and military vehicles. In the process of constructing a new order, the transportation department and the military formed a relationship of both cooperation and competition for dominance. Eventually, the transportation department gradually reclaimed power over traffic order management and incorporated military vehicles into the general traffic management system.