馬華怡保女作家的散文書寫及其空間敘事

Abstract

本論文以馬華文學為研究領域，從中選取十二位女作家，嘗試從她們的散文作品來探勘她們以經驗世界為基底而創作的散文文本，到底表達了如何的人生經歷、創作經驗、空間敘事與女性視野。論文以文本細讀的方法，嘗試整理並建立個案，運用的研究母題包含離鄉 / 出走、幻滅 / 重生、紀實 / 虛構、文明 / 自我等。所探討的十二位女作家都與馬來西亞霹靂州山城怡保相關，包括余秀斌、紫曦、荷凡、芸亦塵、方娥真、陳璧穎、柏一、黎紫書、翠園、詩葆、許心倫以及鍾怡雯，他們的生命各自因為出生、定居或婚嫁等因素與怡保產生無法抹滅的連結。而山城怡保，從二十世紀到二十一世紀，逐漸成為了馬來西亞值得觀察的一個文化場域，來自怡保的女作家在文學上的出色表現，頻頻得獎，更是需要給予特別的關注和研究。 本論文的章節安排，第一章為緒論，主要敘述了本論文的研究動機與目的，並介紹了十二位女作家的生平以及她們的著作。第二章主要探討了南來的作家，以及一批南來後的人想要回去中國的心願，此外，本章也論及女作家出走到大馬以外的經驗，而作為故鄉怡保給予她們的影響有多深厚。第三章討論了方娥真的文學創作。方娥真的創作生涯可分為兩個階段，本章嘗試從其創作歷程中探勘她兩個創作階段的不同特色。藉由方娥真的散文分析可知，她早期喜歡對鏡書寫與幻想，但第二階段的創作心理已大有轉變，體認到現實人生裡的「真」。方娥真寫作歷程最關鍵的轉變是到了香港，她在香港時期的書寫，大多投射了在台灣蒙冤入獄的陰影。第四章主要探討鍾怡雯散文中的空間場景與敘事的關係。從敘事的角度而論，空間場景在鍾怡雯的文本中，無論是人物形象的塑造以及參與敘事的運作，都有其不可忽視的作用。第五章討論許心倫等女作家的父親給予她們的生命經歷，進而影響到部份女作家日後的生命空間。而信仰對於她們是有怎樣的影響，以及她們的思維是如何的在日常言論裡發揮，都是本章會探索的地方。第六章為本論文的結論，本論文認為馬華怡保女作家的散文書寫，都具備了她們各自的時代意義。她們的成長或生活環境，也就是山城怡保，在文本中折射出了獨有的經歷。此外，透過文字顯現的關懷、自我生命的回顧與省思，達到了散文可貴的情感志向，也衍生出了一種對話的模式，不論作者和作者之間，還是在書寫與閱讀的形成關係中，皆呈現了一種思辨的力量。

This dissertation is a study related to Mahua Literature as the research field and selects twelve female writers from Ipoh. This study attempts to explore what kind of life experience, creative experience, spatial narrative and female vision they expressed in the prose texts they created based on their experience of the world. This dissertation uses the method of close text reading, attempts to organize and establish themes. The themes include leaving home/ fleeing away, disillusionment/ rebirth, documentary/ fiction, civilization/ self and more. These twelve female writers were all associated with Ipoh, a mountain town in the Malaysian state of Perak. They are Yee Siew Pun, Tze Hsi, He Fan, Yun Yi Chen, Fang E-zhen, Chen Bi Ying, Bo Yi, Li Zi Shu, Cui Yuan, Shi Bao, Koh Shim Luen and Choong Yee Voon. Each of their lives has an indelible connection with Ipoh due to factors such as birth, residency, or marriage. Ipoh has gradually become a cultural field worth observing in Malaysia from the 20th to the 21st century. The outstanding performance of female writers from Ipoh in literature has frequently won awards, so it is even more worthy to be discussed. The chapter arrangement of this dissertation, Chapter One, introduction, mainly describes the research motivation and purpose of this paper, besides introducing the lives of twelve female writers and their works. Chapter two discusses writers from China who came to Malaysia and the wishes of those who desired to return to China. In addition, the life experience of female writers leaving Malaysia are also discussed and the influence their hometown gave them. The third chapter discusses Fang E-zhen’s literature. Fang E-zhen ’s literature creation career can be divided into two stages. This dissertation attempts to explore the different characteristics of her two creative stages from her creative process. From the analysis of Fang E-zhen ’s prose, her early days, she liked mirror writing and fantasizing; but in the second stage, her creative psychology has changed significantly, and she realized the "truth" in real life. The most critical change in Fang E- zhen’s writing process was her arrival in Hong Kong. Most of her writings during her time in Hong Kong expressed her sorrow for being wrongly imprisoned in Taiwan. The main purpose of Chapter Four is to discuss the relationship between narrative and spatial settings in Choong Yee Voon’s prose. From a narrative perspective with regards to Choong Yee Voon’s prose, spatial settings play an active and crucial role in characterization as well as involvement in the actual narrative of the scheme. Chapter Five discusses the life experiences given to female writers such as Koh Shim Luen by their fathers, which further affect their viewpoint in life. The influence of religion on them and their communication style, are areas to be discussed in this chapter. Chapter Six concludes that the prose works written by these twelve Chinese female writers from Ipoh, all have their own significance of the times. Their growth or living environment in the mountain town Ipoh, reflected the unique experiences in their works. Furthermore, as care were expressed through words, review and reflection of one’s own life, it achieves the valuable emotional ambition of prose and also derives a dialogue mode. Between the authors, or the relationship between writing and reading, there exists a power of thought.