野生骨折鷺科與鳩鴿科之野放率與野放預後相關因子

Abstract

這項前瞻性研究，由國立臺灣大學附設臺大動物醫院與台北鳥會、桃園鳥會、臺灣野灣野生動物保育協會進行合作，收集從2021年8 月至2023年12月間入院的骨折原生鳥類，紀錄兩處以內骨折的鳥科，並以鳩鴿科和鷺科為主要目標研究對象，記錄入院年齡、骨折位置、骨折數量、開放性骨折的存在與否、治療方式和共病症存在與否，並以Fisher’s exact檢定，分析各項潛在因子與野放成功與否的相關性。總共收集20個科別、127隻原生鳥種。鷺科共31隻和鳩鴿科共57隻，整體成功野放率為39.7%，其中鷺科野放率為54.8%、鳩鴿科野放率31.5%。研究結果顯示，(1)與骨折直接相關的因素：鷺科涉及氣骨的骨折，與野放成功與否有關，且不利於野放；鷺科與鳩鴿科在骨折的數量、開放性骨折的存在、骨折治療的選擇，與野放成功與否無關；(2)與病患本身相關的因素：無論是鷺科或鳩鴿科，合併症的存在，與野放成功與否有關且不利於野放；而年紀與野放成功與否無關。此小樣本研究旨在提供野生動物獸醫師對於骨折鳥類野放的評估，在涉及氣骨的骨折，可能暗示不好的預後，而開放性骨折的存在，不應在入院時被例行性安樂死。期盼未來有更多的樣本數進行分析，以提供各因子間交互影響與更明確的預後相關性。

This multi-facility, prospective study compiled data from August 2021 to December 2023 in the National Taiwan University Hospital, primarily in collaboration with the Taipei Wild Bird Society, Taoyuan Wild Bird Society, and the Taiwan Wilderness Wildlife Conservation Association. Case criteria includes indigenous birds within two sites of fractures. The study records the bird families and focus mainly on the family of Columbidae and Ardeidae. This study documents the admission age, fracture location, number of fractures, presence of open fractures, treatment modalities, and presence of comorbidities. Fisher's exact test is used to analyze the correlations between these potential factors and successful release. A total of 127 native species from 20 families are collected, including 31 individuals from the family of Ardeidae and 57 individuals from the family of Columbidae, with an overall release success rate of 39.7%. The release rate of specific families is 54.8% and 31.5%, respectively. The result shows that (1) Fracture related factors : fractures involving the pneumatic bone are associated with the release in the family of Ardeidae; the number of fractures, the presence of open fractures, and the treatment modality in the family of Columbidae and Ardeidae, are not associated with release; (2) Factors related to the patients : in the both family of Columbidae and Ardeidae, the existence of comorbidities is associated with the release and will be detrimental to release; while the age is not associated with release. This small sample study aims to provide wildlife veterinarians with an assessment of the prognosis of fractures. In cases involving pneumatic bone fractures, there may be an indication of a poor prognosis. Furthermore, the presence of an open fracture should not routinely result in euthanasia upon admission. More samples are needed in the future to provide a clearer prognostic correlation of release.