水資源競用區大區輪作政策參與意願分析 —以石門水庫灌區為例

Abstract

隨著經濟發展對水資源的需求日益增加，如何有效地分配和管理有限的水資源成為一項重要的政策議題。大區輪作政策欲通過輪換耕作區域及轉作省水作物來達到節約水資源之的目的，然而該政策是否確實能有效達到節水之目的，和政策參與之實際情況有極大關聯。在石門水庫灌區，因實際參與大區輪作之比例不高，節水效果極為有限。為提升大區輪作之參與，本研究對石門水庫灌區內之生產者與地主進行問卷調查，以了解其過往參與大區輪作之經驗以及對該政策之認知與態度，包含對於參與大區輪作之節水獎勵金額訂定之看法。 研究結果顯示，雖然有近九成的受訪者聽過大區輪作政策，但僅有約四成的受訪者清楚了解大區輪作具體獎勵辦法，顯示相關單位在相關政策宣導之效果上仍有提升之空間。在影響參與意願因素上，受訪者認為現今節水獎勵金多由地主領取，以及實際耕種者不願意第一期轉作或休耕且在二期種水稻，是生產者或地主不願意參與大區輪作的主要原因。同時，有近五成之受訪者表示，進一步規範參與大區輪作之獎勵金在地主與代耕者間的分配是提升參與意願最好的辦法。利用多元迴歸分析，本研究發現，相較於沒有參與大區輪作的受訪者，過去曾參與大區輪作的受訪者更為了解大區輪作政策之相關規範、較傾向認為桃園地區二期稻作易受天候影響、並有較高比例代他人耕作。在對於節水獎勵金額定之看法上，平均而言，受訪者願意以每公頃約七萬五千元或七萬兩千元的價格，配合大區輪作，在第一期轉作省水作物或種植綠肥作物。此金額與現訂定之節水獎勵金相去不遠，顯示獎勵金額過低可能不是目前參與比例不高的主要原因。多元迴歸分析的結果顯示，個別受訪者願意參與大區輪作的獎勵金額與受訪者之特徵與相關議題之態度或認知大多沒有存在關聯，僅發現年收入未滿40萬之受訪者需要的獎勵金額較高。

With economic development, the demand for water resources has been increasing, making the effective allocation and management of limited water resources an important policy issue. The large-scale crop rotation policy aims to conserve water resources by rotating farming areas and switching to water-saving crops. However, the actual effectiveness of this policy in conserving water is highly dependent on the level of participation. In the Shihmen Reservoir irrigation area, the low participation rate in large-scale crop rotation has resulted in limited water-saving effects. To enhance participation, this study conducted a survey of producers and landowners in the Shihmen Reservoir irrigation area to understand their past experiences with large-scale crop rotation and their perceptions and attitudes towards the policy, including their views on the amount of water-saving incentives. The survey results show that although nearly 90% of respondents have heard of the large-scale crop rotation policy, only about 40% clearly understand the specific incentive measures, indicating that there is room for improvement in the promotion of the policy by relevant authorities. Factors affecting participation willingness include the current situation where water-saving incentives are mostly received by landowners, and the reluctance of actual farmers to switch crops or fallow in the first phase and plant rice in the second phase. Nearly 50% of respondents believe that better regulation of the distribution of incentives between landowners and tenant farmers be the best way to increase participation. Using multiple regression analysis, this study found that compared to those who have not participated in large-scale crop rotation, those who have previously participated are more aware of the policy regulations, are more likely to believe that the second rice crop in Taoyuan is vulnerable to weather conditions, and have a higher proportion of farming on behalf of others. Regarding the amount of water-saving incentives, respondents are generally willing to participate in large-scale crop rotation for approximately NT$75,000 or NT$72,000 per hectare, either by switching to water-saving crops or planting green manure crops in the first phase. This amount is not far from the current water-saving incentive amount, suggesting that the low incentive amount may not be the main reason for the low participation rate. The results of the multiple regression analysis show that the incentive amount required by individual respondents to participate in large-scale crop rotation is mostly unrelated to their characteristics and attitudes or perceptions of related issues, with the only significant finding being that respondents with an annual income of less than NT$400,000 require a higher incentive amount.