整合自檢功能於鐵路雙計軸系統之多元件故障 評估平台及創新列車偵測邏輯開發

Abstract

列車位置偵測系統是鐵路號誌與行車控制的基礎，為了提升鐵路的可靠度與安全性，近年來鐵路系統開始採用多組偵測系統同時偵測列車。然而在不同偵測系統整合邏輯下，列車偵測系統故障對鐵路系統的可靠度與安全性的影響各異，本研究的首要目標是開發一個有效率的分析平台，考慮場站股道配置、偵測區間分佈、通過列車長度、開通進路及邏輯設計等條件，評估該偵測邏輯的可靠度與安全性。此分析平台彌補過往僅考量單一元件失效及未考慮跨系統故障之分析方式，透過自動化生成程序，模擬所有可能的多元件失效情境、計算該偵測邏輯失效仍然安全 (fail-safe condition) 與造成危險 (wrong-side failure) 的機率、最後得出該偵測邏輯設計下的可靠度與安全性指標。此外，本研究亦提出一種基於雙計軸器系統下的創新偵測邏輯設計—結合自檢系統之故障比對程序，透過預先生成所有可能故障情境下的佔用資料，當列車進入站區時，根據列車長度與開通進路挑選出對應佔用資料，並通過自檢系統資訊過濾資料。當雙計軸系統有出現資訊不一致時，透過參考佔用資料庫進行比對並自動修正錯誤，並自動辨識、隔離故障的計軸系統。透過案例分析可得知，本研究所提出之分析平台能應用於實際之路段，並發現與過去僅考慮單元件失效結果的不同。此外，將創新偵測邏輯納入分析平台後，無論在複雜股道或多樣車種情況下，結合自檢系統的故障比對程序均展現出極高的可靠度與安全性。應用此邏輯設計可顯著提升偵測系統的可靠度與安全性。

The train detection system is the basis of railway signal and control systems. To enhance reliability and safety, railway operators have adopted multiple detection systems operating simultaneously. However, the failure in detection system will impact reliability and safety differently depending on the different system logics. The first objective of this research is developing an efficient evaluation platform that considers station track layout, detection block, design logic, passing train length, and route to evaluate the reliability and safety of the different system logics. This evaluation platform overcomes the limitations in the past studies by considering both single component failures and cross-system faults. Through an automated generation process, our platform simulates all possible multiple-component failure scenarios, calculates the probabilities of fail-safe conditions and wrong-side failures, and derives reliability and safety indices for the different system logics. Additionally, this research proposes an innovative detection logic design based on a dual axle counter system, integrating a fault comparison process with a self-diagnosis system. This logic pre-generates occupation database for all possible failure scenarios. When a train enters the station area, it selects the corresponding occupation database based on train length and route, and filters this database through the self-diagnosis system information. If there is an inconsistency outcome in dual axle counter system, the logic references the occupation database to automatically correct the error, identify, and isolate the faulty subsystem. Case study results show that the proposed evaluation platform could be applied to real-world routes, revealing different findings from those considering only single component failures. Furthermore, integrating the innovative detection logic into the evaluation platform demonstrates extremely high reliability and safety, regardless of complex track layouts or diverse train types. Implementing this innovative logic can significantly improve the reliability and safety of the train detection systems.