臺灣地方政府衛生局網站中食品檢驗結果資訊呈現之分析

Abstract

臺灣過去曾發生多起的食品安全事件，政府面對這些挑戰採取修訂相關法規、成立行政院食品安全辦公室、落實食安五環政策，以及建立食材登錄平台網站等多管齊下的手段。然而，食品安全資訊本身具有一定的專業性，一般民眾並不容易瞭解，容易造成資訊解讀上的落差及障礙，即資訊不對稱的情況。

本研究關注於政府如何將專業的食品安全資訊，以易於理解的方式向公眾傳遞，特別是針對不合格資訊的呈現。這對民眾對於食品安全的理解有重要的意義。據此，探究目前臺灣各縣市地方衛生局在食品檢驗結果報告的設計與內容呈現情況，為本研究之主要目的。透過瀏覽地方衛生局及相關食品安全資訊的網站，並參考美國21個地方政府衛生局網站呈現食安資訊的模式。經過資料的觀察、比對、歸納及分析，並進行兩場焦點團體訪談，逐步完善並建立評估指標，以檢視我國地方衛生局網站中食品檢驗結果呈現之情形。建構之評估指標體系共有三個面向，亦即食安資訊的操作、呈現及服務面向，並衍生出八個指標，包括：易找尋性、資料庫搜尋功能、新聞稿及檢驗報告中不合格資訊的可瞭解性、檢驗結果以資料視覺化呈現的情況、抽驗結果發布的即時性、主動提供多個檢驗傳遞窗口，及主動提供其他縣市抽驗資訊。研究結果顯示，建構的衡量指標脈絡中，臺灣八個縣市在總分為6分，平均得分為2.7分(45％)，未及衡量指標之50%，顯示，臺灣縣市政府衛生局在食品安全檢驗報告呈現上，仍有進步的空間。

本研究對縣市衛生局在呈現食安檢驗資訊中，提出四個政策建議：（一）可加強抽驗結果發布的即時性；（二）可提升新聞稿中不合格資訊的可瞭解情況。可以增加對於人體健康危害的嚴重程度，並放上不合格資訊的外包裝，增加民眾的辨識度；（三）可以加強對於抽驗報告中不合格廠商及產品的資訊及外包裝標示清楚；（四）建議總分比較低的縣市，應該要加強其他縣市得分比較高的指標。食品安全資訊呈現之樣態，影響著接收方的數量及品質，透過建立快速、清晰地資訊傳遞管道，營造形成正向的循環，將食品檢驗結果發布於網站上的本質，回歸確保民眾能夠及時獲取正確的重要資訊，而非將其視為行政的例行業務。

In the past, there have been many food safety incidents in Taiwan. In the face of these challenges, the government has adopted multi-pronged measures such as revising relevant regulations, establishing the Food Safety Office of the Executive Yuan, implementing the Five-Point Food Safety Reform, and establishing the platform and websites for food ingredients. However, food safety information is professionalism intrinsically, which is not easy for the general public to understand, and it is apt to cause gaps and obstacles in information interpretation, which is the so-called information asymmetry.

This study focuses on how the government delivers professional food safety information to the public in an easily understandable manner, particularly for the presentation of non-compliant information and/or non-conforming food products. This is of great significance to the public's understanding of food safety. Accordingly, this study mainly aims to explore the design and content presentation of the food inspection results reported in the local health bureau of various counties and cities in Taiwan. By visiting the local health bureau with respect to the food safety information websites and extensive browsing of the presentation of food safety information from 21 local government health bureaus in the United States, data were collected for comparison, induction, and analysis along with the implementation of two focus group interviews, by which the evaluation criteria with regard to assess the presentation of the food inspection result for the local health Bureau in Taiwan was established. The evaluation indicator system developed encompasses three orientations, including operation, presentation, and service aspects of food safety information, with which they derive a total of eight indices, i.e., easy to find, ease of search, database search functionality, clarity of non-compliant information, data visualization, timeliness of inspection result publication, proactive provision of multiple delivery channels for inspection results, and proactive sharing of inspection information from others counties and cities. Based on the index of 1 to 6 points, the average score of eight local health bureaus in Taiwan was 2.7 points (45%), which is not yet half of the index score. It implies that the health bureau of Taiwan still has room for progress in the presentation of food safety inspection report. This study puts forward four policy suggestions in the presentation of food safety inspection information: First, health bureaus in the eight counties and cities should improve the timeliness of publishing inspection results. Second, the clarity of non-compliant information in press releases should be enhance by detailing the severity of health risks and displaying the packaging of non-conforming products to increase public awareness. Third, inspection reports should clearly present information about non-compliant manufacturers and products, including their packaging labels. Finally, counties and cities with lower scores should focus on strengthening the indicators where other counties and cities have excelled.

The presentation of food safety information significantly influences its reach and effectiveness. By establishing clear communication, a positive feedback system can be developed. This ensures that the main goal of publishing food inspection results on websites is to provide prompt and accurate information to be general public, rather than treating it as routine administrative task.