新住民婦女與我國已婚婦女薪資差異之研究

Abstract

本文探究主題為新住民婦女與我國已婚婦女薪資差異之研究，運用處2018年行政主計總處「人力運用調查」及內政部「新住民生活需求調查」資料，以Blinder(1973)和Oaxaca(1973)提出的薪資差異的分解方法(Blinder-Oaxaca Decomposition Model)將薪資方程式做差異分解，分析我國新住民婦女之薪資歧視。 研究發現，東南亞國家新住民婦女與我國已婚婦女的薪資差異中無法解釋的部分(亦即歧視)為50.58%，大陸地區新住民婦女與我國已婚婦女的薪資差異中無法解釋的部分(亦即歧視)更是高達57.79%，也就是說，新住民婦女在我國勞動市場中，確實受到很高比例的歧視，故建議政府政策上應針對新住民婦女在臺的就業權益給予更多關注與保障。 此外，大陸地區新住民婦女與我國已婚婦女之薪資差異則雖小於東南亞國家新住民婦女與我國已婚婦女之薪資差異，但大陸地區新住民婦女與我國已婚婦女之薪資差異上的歧視效果卻大於東南亞國家新住民婦女與我國已婚婦女之薪資差異上的歧視效果，表示我國的就業市場對於大陸地區新住民的歧視相較對於東南亞國家新住民而言是更嚴重的。 另外，薪資分析結果確實發現取得身分證的新住民在薪資差異上的歧視效果小於未取得身分證的新住民，因此我國政府在規劃或修正新住民勞動政策時，應將是否取得國民身分資格的新住民分開思考，並考慮到有些新住民婦女之所以不願取得我國國民身分證可能是因為不願放棄原國籍身分，進而更加全盤考量新住民在臺勞動權益之保障。

This study explores the wage gap between female new immigrants and married women in Taiwan. Utilizing data from the 2018 Directorate-General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics (DGBAS) Labor Utilization Survey and the Ministry of the Interior's Survey on the Living Needs of New Immigrants, we apply the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition model to decompose the wage equation and analyze wage discrimination against female new immigrants in Taiwan. The research reveals that the unexplained portion (discrimination) of the wage gap between Southeast Asian new immigrant women and married Taiwanese women is 50.58%. For new immigrant women from Mainland China, this unexplained portion is even higher at 57.79%. These findings indicate that female new immigrants face substantial discrimination in Taiwan's labor market. Therefore, we suggest that government policies should focus more on protecting and promoting the employment rights of female new immigrants in Taiwan. Additionally, while the wage gap between Mainland Chinese new immigrant women and married Taiwanese women is smaller than that between Southeast Asian new immigrant women and married Taiwanese women, the discriminatory effect on the wage gap for Mainland Chinese new immigrants is greater. This suggests that discrimination against Mainland Chinese new immigrants in Taiwan's employment market is more severe compared to Southeast Asian new immigrants. Furthermore, the wage analysis confirms that new immigrants who obtain Taiwanese citizenship experience less wage discrimination compared to those who do not. Hence, when formulating or revising labor policies for new immigrants, the Taiwanese government should differentiate between those who have obtained citizenship and those who have not. Additionally, consideration should be given to the fact that some new immigrant women may be hesitant to obtain Taiwanese citizenship due to reluctance to relinquish their original nationality. This comprehensive approach can better safeguard the labor rights of new immigrants in Taiwan.