臺灣純網銀研究：以政治經濟學視角初探臺灣純網銀發展

Abstract

純網銀，作為金融科技（FinTech）的展現，自2018年金管會開放純網銀申請與設立後，成為臺灣金融市場的新參與者。然面對已過度競爭（overbanking）的環境，純網銀如何發展為本研究探討的主要核心。又因現今金融的演變不單單涉及經濟的作用及考量，更進一步擴及至政治層面，故本研究以政治經濟學的視角切入，視純網銀為一種「平臺」，並在戰略性耦合的框架下，聚焦政府、銀行與純網銀業者三者間的互動關係。除透過梳理相關法令政策等次級資料外，亦輔以半結構式訪談作為論述的佐證及延伸。 本研究發現受限於政府規範及數位化普及的影響，純網銀的加入並未對臺灣的金融結構產生顯著影響，主導權仍掌握於既有銀行業者手中；政府–銀行–純網銀雖倆倆間存在戰略性耦合，但尚未產生三者合一的情境；為了能與既有銀行匹敵，三家純網銀業者不僅存在競爭關係，亦會互相合作。

Internet-only bank, as a form of financial technology, has become a new participant in Taiwan's financial market since the Financial Supervisory Commission opened up the application and establishment of Internet-only Banking in 2018. Owing to overbanking in the domestic market, the development of internet-only bank is the main focus of this study. Since the evolution of finance not only involves economic, but also extends to the political sphere. Therefore, this study adopts the lens of political economy, considers internet-only bank as a "platform", and focuses on the interactions between the government, bank, and internet-only bank under the framework of strategic coupling. This study supports and extends the discussion by combing secondary data such as relevant laws and policies, as well as semi-structured interviews. This study observes that due to the influence of government regulations and the widespread digitization, the entry of internet-only banking has not had a significant impact on the financial structure of Taiwan, and existing banks are still dominant. The strategic coupling triangle of government, banks and internet-only bank has not been achieved. In order to compete with existing banks, Taiwan's three internet-only banks are not only competing, but also cooperating with each other.