以性別研究視角分析成年初顯期女性於「臺中女兒館」之充權歷程

Abstract

行政院自2013年推動的「提升女孩權益行動方案」於2023年年初軋然而止，然而，年輕女性位處父權結構中的從屬地位，無論在空間或文化脈絡中皆受到性別規範之宰制，而女孩權益在方案推動近10年後是否確實提升，仍有待商榷。 本研究以性別友善空間——「臺中女兒館」作為旨揭行動方案的實際操作場域，探究成年初顯期女性在此空間經歷何種面向的充權過程，以及如何在此空間進行性別認同探索。透過深入訪談女兒館的8名服務對象和5名工作人員，分別以成年初顯期理論、空間與性別展演理論以及女性主義發展研究／社會工作的充權觀點，聚焦於服務對象在個體、互動以及結構層面的充權歷程，並以空間的性別與政治觀點探究政府與民間團體在共同推動女兒館的結構性障礙。 研究結果發現，成年初顯期女性在女兒館展演出個體層次的強烈能動性與認同探索的企圖；且於互動層次透過互惠、團結感與連結感的團體中發展出選擇的能力、觸發角色楷模效應並與同儕構成緊密的夥伴關係；於結構層次中，成為社會變革的力量，積極地進行小規模倡議。臺中女兒館的表徵結構性困境為人力與經費的限制，真正導致受託單位無法繼續合作的原因是政府對民間團體的權力宰制關係。 在總結與討論中，本研究認為臺中女兒館獨樹一格的服務模式能作為國內外年輕女性充權工作者的參考，而為了使政策制定者更瞭解年輕女性的充權必要性，未來研究可以加入充權量表等工具進行測量與評估，並納入更多女兒館受託單位之觀點，以及不同族群文化背景的受訪對象，俾利達到更具代表性之研究結果。然而在將性別充權作為政策表述時，也須注意是否有將性別充權淪為工具化的情形。

This study uses the gender-friendly space of the “Taichung Girls’ Pavilion” as the practical field for implementing the targeted action plan. It explores the aspects of empowerment processes experienced by emerging adult women in this space and how they conduct gender identity exploration within it. Through in-depth interviews with eight service recipients and five staff members of the Pavilion, the study employs emerging adulthood theory, spatial and gender performativity theory, and feminist development/social work empowerment perspectives. It focuses on the empowerment processes at the individual, interactional, and structural levels of the service recipients and examines the structural barriers faced by the government and non-profit organizations in jointly promoting the Pavilion from a power perspective. The findings reveal that emerging adult women at the Pavilion exhibit strong agency and identity exploration at the individual level. At the interactional level, they develop decision-making abilities, role model effects, and form close peer relationships within the group. At the structural level, they become proactive agents. Operational challenges at the Taichung Girls' Pavilion include limitations in manpower and funding, compounded by the power dynamics between the government and NGOs, which contributed to the termination of the collaboration with the Garden of Hope Foundation. In the conclusion and discussion, this study suggests that the unique service model of the Pavilion can serve as a reference for empowerment workers of young women both domestically and internationally. To help policymakers better understand the necessity of empowering young women, future research could incorporate empowerment scales and other tools for measurement and evaluation. Additionally, it would be beneficial to include perspectives from more entrusted units of the Pavilion and interview subjects from different cultural backgrounds to achieve more representative research results. However, when framing gender empowerment as a policy statement, it is also important to be mindful of the potential for gender empowerment to become instrumentalized.