台灣女性政治人物在2016與2020立法委員選舉的形象與媒體再現：批判論述分析

Abstract

台灣在2000年出現首位女性副總統呂秀蓮，2012年出現首位女性總統候選人，而2016年蔡英文更是當選成為首位台灣女性總統。隨著性別意識崛起，女性參政人數增加，政治領域中的女性形象也越趨多元。政治人物透過媒體宣傳政見以及形塑個人形象，媒體也透過政治人物展現了影響力。因此，本研究蒐集了第九屆以及第十屆立法委員選舉期間臺灣三大報《中國時報》、《聯合報》以及《自由時報》的政治版新聞報導，選出女性政治人物相關新聞做為文本材料，透過批判論述分析探究以下三個問題意識：（一）2016年與2020年大選期間，臺灣主要平面媒體如何描寫女性政治人物；（二）不同政治立場的新聞報導對於女性參政的書寫與再現有何差異；（三）媒體新聞中女性政治人物書寫所隱含的語言意識形態。 根據本研究對第九屆與第十屆立委選舉新聞文本的分析，發現女性進入政治領域仍無法避免受到雙重身份的束縛，既被社會對於女性的期待束縛，同時無法跳脫傳統陽剛政治領域中對女性的刻板印象。另外，女性在政治領域中逐漸找回對於身體與自我的表現主動性，然而這樣的權力卻只屬於少部分符合社會大眾審美觀的政治人物。而媒體在報導女性政治人物時，也出現因政治立場差異而不同的書寫方式。

In 2000, Taiwan saw its first female Vice President, Lu Hsiu-lien. In 2012, Taiwan had its first female presidential candidate, and in 2016, Tsai Ing-wen was elected as the first female President of Taiwan. With the rise of gender awareness, the number of women participating in politics has increased, and the image of women in the political field has become more diverse. Politicians use the media to promote their policies and shape their personal images, while the media, in turn, showcases its influence through these political figures. Therefore, this study collected political news reports from Taiwan's three major newspapers, "China Times," "United Daily News," and "Liberty Times," during the ninth and tenth Legislative Yuan elections. Articles related to female politicians were selected as textual materials. Using critical discourse analysis, the study explores the following three research questions: (1) How did Taiwan's major print media depict female political figures during the 2016 and 2020 elections? (2) How do news reports from media outlets with different political stances differ in their writing and representation of women's political participation? (3) What implicit language ideologies are present in the media's portrayal of female political figures? Based on the analysis of news texts from the ninth and tenth elections, it was found that women entering the political arena are still constrained by dual identities: they are bound by societal expectations of women and cannot escape the traditional masculine stereotypes within the political field that impose higher expectations on them. Additionally, women in politics are gradually reclaiming the initiative in expressing their bodies and selves, but such power is only accessible to a small number of political figures who conform to societal aesthetic standards. Furthermore, media reports on female political figures exhibit different writing styles depending on the political stances of the media outlets.