聽覺障礙者使用公辦民營運動中心阻礙因素與參與意願之關係探討─以社會支持為中介變項

Abstract

根據世界衛生組織的報告，全球超過10億人口在生活中會經歷身心障礙的困擾。臺灣截至2024年3月，擁有身心障礙證明的人口超過121.4萬，占總人口的5.19%。然而，身心障礙者在參與休閒運動活動中面臨多種阻礙，如無障礙設施缺乏、設施設計不良及缺乏協助人員，導致其參與體育活動的比例偏低。教育部體育署和其他相關機構對於改善運動設施的規劃和管理，亟需更多針對身心障礙者的研究和數據支持。本研究旨在了解聽覺障礙者在使用公辦民營運動中心體適能中心時所面臨的阻礙因子，並探討這些阻礙如何影響其參與意願，並以社會支持作為中介變項。研究目的包括：一、探討聽覺障礙者使用運動中心體適能中心的阻礙現況。二、分析不同背景變項的聽覺障礙者在使用運動中心時所面臨的阻礙差異。三、研究阻礙因子、社會支持與參與意願之間的關聯。四、探討社會支持在阻礙因子與參與意願之間的中介效果。本研究採用量化研究方法，透過橫斷式調查問卷收集數據，對象為曾經使用過公辦民營運動中心體適能中心的聽覺障礙者。問卷內容涵蓋阻礙因素、社會支持及參與意願程度，並使用Smart PLS統計軟體對數據進行描述性統計分析、偏最小平方法的結構方程式驗證法、及拔靴分析法等分析。研究結果顯示，聽覺障礙者在使用運動中心時面臨的主要阻礙包括缺乏無障礙設施、設施設計不良及缺乏協助人員等。其中，社會支持在阻礙因子對參與意願的影響中具有顯著的中介效果，顯示出社會支持的重要性。因此，未來的運動設施規劃和管理，不管是政府或是運動管理業者，應重視無障礙設施的完善和協助人員的培訓，同時增加社會支持的渠道，促進聽覺障礙者更積極地參與體適能中心運動。

According to the World Health Organization, over 1 billion people worldwide experience disabilities in their daily lives. As of March 2024, more than 1.214 million people in Taiwan have disability certificates, accounting for 5.19% of the total population. People with disabilities face various barriers when participating in recreational sports activities, such as lack of accessible facilities, poor design, and absence of assistance personnel, leading to a lower rate of participation in sports activities. The Sports Administration of the Ministry of Education and other relevant institutions urgently need more research and data to support the planning and management of sports facilities for people with disabilities. This study aims to understand the barriers faced by people with hearing disabilities when using public-private partnership fitness centers and to explore how these barriers affect their willingness to participate, with social support as a mediating variable. The research objectives include: 1. Investigating the current barriers faced by people with hearing disabilities in fitness centers. 2. Analyzing the differences in barriers encountered by people with hearing disabilities from different backgrounds. 3. Studying the relationships among barriers, social support, and participation willingness. 4. Exploring the mediating effect of social support between barriers and participation willingness. This research employs a quantitative approach, using a cross-sectional survey to collect data from individuals with hearing disabilities who have used public-private partnership fitness centers. The questionnaire covers barriers, social support, and participation willingness. The data were analyzed using Smart PLS statistical software for descriptive statistical analysis, partial least squares structural equation modeling, and bootstrapping methods. The results indicate that the primary barriers faced by people with hearing disabilities in fitness centers include lack of accessible facilities, poor design, and absence of assistance personnel. Social support has a significant mediating effect on the relationship between barriers and participation willingness, highlighting its importance. Therefore, future planning and management of sports facilities, whether by the government or sports management operators, should prioritize improving accessible facilities and training assistance personnel. Additionally, increasing channels of social support can encourage more active participation of people with hearing disabilities in fitness center activities.