循環經濟中新產業部門的發展與演進：臺灣電子廢棄物處理業

Abstract

隨著上世紀80到90年代製造業技術的全球化，全球的廢棄物總量大幅增加，對環境的負面影響使環境意識在國際間抬頭，循環經濟的概念逐漸成為主流，進而使廢棄物的處理亦越發受到國際關注。在這樣的時空背景下，國內的相關產業必須抓住這樣的機會，結合各方的力量重新整合產業結構，以期與國際趨勢接軌。而在結構轉換中最關鍵的項目─廢棄物處理，更是相關產業難以忽視的一環。本研究以國內廢棄物處理業為研究對象，由其中最具實際經濟價值的核心項目─電子廢棄物回收處理出發，探討臺灣廢棄物處理項目的運作機制與發展脈絡，以及在循環經濟概念下影響處理業發展的關鍵要素。本研究採取質性研究方法，透過次級資料分析以及多位相關從業人員的深度訪談，建立研究資料庫。在理論層面以「循環經濟」及「產業發展」概念為主，「標準制定」及「產業政策」為輔，建立研究分析架構，並檢視自1980年代至今，我國電子廢棄物處理業的發展脈絡，並以此深入分析我國廢棄物處理業在產業內部網絡中的各項行動者，在不同因素的影響下採取了何種行動。 最後，本研究歸納出三項影響我國電子廢棄物處理產業發展的關鍵要素──1.由循環經濟概念所凝聚出不同類別的環境規範與新產品標準，是構成廢棄物處理業這個回應循環經濟系統核心節點的關鍵因素；2.這些關鍵因素由國內行政部門透過政策轉化為推動產業發展的核心力量；3.國內廠商與創造環境共識的國際非營利組織及國內行政部門構成帶有國家主導色彩的一種開放式的跨部門產業發展模式。基於這些結論，以及本研究對於我國廢棄物處理業發展脈絡的梳理，本研究期望為我國在循環經濟等相關環境議題下的眾多相關研究中，貢獻其中較少探討產業鏈中廢棄物處理產業的發展經驗，在相關產業的應對循環經濟的創新轉型上提供更全面的思考維度。

With the globalization of manufacturing technology in the 1980s and 1990s, the total amount of global waste increased significantly, leading to a negative impact on the environment and raising environmental awareness internationally. The concept of circular economy gradually became mainstream, drawing more international attention to waste treatment. Against this backdrop, relevant industries domestically must seize this opportunity to restructure the industry with the collaboration of various parties in order to align with international trends. The most crucial aspect of structural transformation, waste treatment, is an integral part that related industries cannot ignore. This study focuses on the domestic waste treatment industry, starting from the core project with the most practical economic value - E-waste treatment. It explores the operational mechanism and development context of waste treatment projects in Taiwan, as well as the key factors influencing the development of the industry under the concept of circular economy. This study adopts a qualitative research method, establishing a research database through secondary data analysis and in-depth interviews with multiple relevant professionals. The theoretical framework is based on the concepts of "Circular Economy" and "Industrial Development," with "Standard" and "Industry Policies" as supplementary elements. It examines the development context of Taiwan's e-waste treatment industry from the 1980s to the present, and analyzes the actions taken by various stakeholders within the internal network of the waste treatment industry in Taiwan under the influence of different factors. Finally, this study summarizes three key elements that influence the development of the e-waste treatment industry in our country: 1. Different categories of environmental regulations and new product standards condensed from the concept of circular economy are key factors that constitute the core node of the waste treatment industry in response to the circular economy system; 2. These key factors are transformed into the core driving force for industry development by the national executive department through policies; 3. Domestic companies, international non-profit organizations that create environmental consensus, and the national executive department form an open cross-sector industry development model with a national leadership color. Based on these conclusions and the clarification of the context of the development of the waste treatment industry in our country in this study, this study hopes to contribute to the relatively less explored development experience of the waste treatment industry in the industry chain in our country in many related studies on environmental issues such as the circular economy, and provide a more comprehensive thinking dimension on innovative transformation in response to the circular economy in related industries.